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Overcoming Attention Disorders in School Aged Children

What is ADHD?

Objectives

1. Describe the prevalence of ADHD in children

2. Discuss how ADHD affects a child's eductaion

3. Describe ADHD comorbidities

4. Disciss 3 ways to manage attention disorders in school aged kids

What is ADHD?

ADHD overview

-Attention defecit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children.

-Symptoms include inability to focus, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

-There are 3 main types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined presentation.

-There are not many known causes of ADHD but genetics, low birth weight, premature birth, and exposure to toxins are thought to be contrubuiting factors.

ADHD Data and Statistics

Prevalence

-The number of children aged 3-17 years old ever diagnosed with ADHD is estimated to be 6 million using data from 2016-2019

  • 3-5 years: 265,000 (2%)
  • 6-11 years: 2.4 million (10%)
  • 12-17 years: 3.3 million (13%)

-Boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed than girls

-Black, non-hispanic and white, non-hispanic children are more often diagnosed than hispanic or asain, non-hispanic childen

ADHD Impacts

ADHD has profound impacts on a child's education

Attention disorders are most often first identfied in school aged children when they lead to disruption in the classroom

Impacts

-The inability to focus, difficulty sitting still, and impulsiveness can make it hard for kids with ADHD to do well in school.

-When one child disrupts the class, it imapcts the eductaion of their peers as well.

-Students with ADHD often have lower test scores and grades.

-ADHD is associted with defcits in reasoning and comprehension.

Comorbidities

Many children with ADHD also have another disorder

Comorbidities

Children that are diagnosed with ADHD are often also diagnosed with:

-Autism

-Learning disorders

-Tic disorders

-Depressive disorder

-Bipolar disorder

-Anxiety diorders

Overcoming ADHD

There are multiple treatment modalities to help children succeed academically

Pharmacotherapy

Common stimlulant medications:

-Adderall

-Ritalin

*Educate parents about potential cardiac complications, dependence, and other side effects such as insomnia, dry mouth, and growth suppression

Non-stimulant medication:

-Atomoxatine: norepineprine reuptake inhibitor

*Educate parents about potential cardiac complications, suicidal ideation, and other side effects such as anger/hostility, psychosis, and growth suppression

-Parent programs: These programs teach parents strategies to help their child succeed such as focusing on the positives.

-Teacher programs: These programs educate teachers about behavioral strategies for the classroom. This includes giving straightforward, one step-at-a-time instructions, announcing consequences of not paying attention, and creating goals for indivdual students/rewarding them when they succeed.

-Therapeutic recreational programs: An example of this would be a summer camp that would have trained professionals that work with the kids to develop strategies to overcome their ADHD symptoms.

Nonpharmacologic methods

-Offer choices

-Assign work that suits the student's skill level

-Increase active class participation

-Encourage hands on learning

-Establish classroom routines

-Give appropraite supervision to ADHD students

-Reduce potential distractions

-Encourage disruptive students to sit by positive role models

Other classroom strategies for teachers

Refrences

Clay, R. A. (2013, February). Easing ADHD without meds. Monitor on Psychology. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/easing-adhd

Dendy, C. Z. (2022, September 7). Teaching strategies for students with ADHD: Ideas to help every child shine. ADDitude. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.additudemag.com/teaching-strategies-for-students-with-adhd/

Elmaghraby, R., & Garayalde, S. (2022, June). What is ADHD? Psychiatry.org . Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

Gnanavel, S., Sharma, P., Kaushal, P., & Hussain, S. (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature. World journal of clinical cases, 7(17), 2420–2426. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i17.2420

Miller , C. (2023, January 26). What are nonstimulant medications for ADHD? Child Mind Institute. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://childmind.org/article/what-are-nonstimulant-medications-for-adhd/#:~:text=The%20most%20commonly%20used%20nonstimulant,%2C%20Intuniv)%20are%20alpha%20agonists.

National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. (2022, August 9). Data and statistics about ADHD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html

Patel, H. H. (2022, October 11). The impact of ADHD on learning. News. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Impact-of-ADHD-on-Learning.aspx

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