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1. Describe the prevalence of ADHD in children
2. Discuss how ADHD affects a child's eductaion
3. Describe ADHD comorbidities
4. Disciss 3 ways to manage attention disorders in school aged kids
-Attention defecit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children.
-Symptoms include inability to focus, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
-There are 3 main types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined presentation.
-There are not many known causes of ADHD but genetics, low birth weight, premature birth, and exposure to toxins are thought to be contrubuiting factors.
-The number of children aged 3-17 years old ever diagnosed with ADHD is estimated to be 6 million using data from 2016-2019
-Boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed than girls
-Black, non-hispanic and white, non-hispanic children are more often diagnosed than hispanic or asain, non-hispanic childen
Attention disorders are most often first identfied in school aged children when they lead to disruption in the classroom
-The inability to focus, difficulty sitting still, and impulsiveness can make it hard for kids with ADHD to do well in school.
-When one child disrupts the class, it imapcts the eductaion of their peers as well.
-Students with ADHD often have lower test scores and grades.
-ADHD is associted with defcits in reasoning and comprehension.
-Autism
-Learning disorders
-Tic disorders
-Depressive disorder
-Bipolar disorder
-Anxiety diorders
Common stimlulant medications:
-Adderall
-Ritalin
*Educate parents about potential cardiac complications, dependence, and other side effects such as insomnia, dry mouth, and growth suppression
Non-stimulant medication:
-Atomoxatine: norepineprine reuptake inhibitor
*Educate parents about potential cardiac complications, suicidal ideation, and other side effects such as anger/hostility, psychosis, and growth suppression
-Parent programs: These programs teach parents strategies to help their child succeed such as focusing on the positives.
-Teacher programs: These programs educate teachers about behavioral strategies for the classroom. This includes giving straightforward, one step-at-a-time instructions, announcing consequences of not paying attention, and creating goals for indivdual students/rewarding them when they succeed.
-Therapeutic recreational programs: An example of this would be a summer camp that would have trained professionals that work with the kids to develop strategies to overcome their ADHD symptoms.
-Offer choices
-Assign work that suits the student's skill level
-Increase active class participation
-Encourage hands on learning
-Establish classroom routines
-Give appropraite supervision to ADHD students
-Reduce potential distractions
-Encourage disruptive students to sit by positive role models
Clay, R. A. (2013, February). Easing ADHD without meds. Monitor on Psychology. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/easing-adhd
Dendy, C. Z. (2022, September 7). Teaching strategies for students with ADHD: Ideas to help every child shine. ADDitude. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.additudemag.com/teaching-strategies-for-students-with-adhd/
Elmaghraby, R., & Garayalde, S. (2022, June). What is ADHD? Psychiatry.org . Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd
Gnanavel, S., Sharma, P., Kaushal, P., & Hussain, S. (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature. World journal of clinical cases, 7(17), 2420–2426. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i17.2420
Miller , C. (2023, January 26). What are nonstimulant medications for ADHD? Child Mind Institute. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://childmind.org/article/what-are-nonstimulant-medications-for-adhd/#:~:text=The%20most%20commonly%20used%20nonstimulant,%2C%20Intuniv)%20are%20alpha%20agonists.
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. (2022, August 9). Data and statistics about ADHD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html
Patel, H. H. (2022, October 11). The impact of ADHD on learning. News. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Impact-of-ADHD-on-Learning.aspx