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LET'S BREAK THE ICE!
Have you ever learnt a language through translanguaging?
Were you ever allowed to use your multilingual competence to acquire a new language or brush up on the ones you know?
"An approach for teaching and research in multilingual education that relates the way multilingual students use their communicative resources in spontaneous conversation to the way languages are learnt and taught at school."
(Cenoz, Gorter, 2014)
What it does:
Analyse this gap
One language at a time
Real multilingualism
Explore the possibility to establish this bridge
Reactions to separate bilingualism
Flexible bilingualism
Translanguaging
García and Sylvan (2011, p. 389)
FOCUS ON MULTILINGUALISM
Roots:
Use of Hornberger’s idea of continua to look at languages and practices
Monolingual competence + Monolingual competence = Multilingual speaker
Impossible goal = sense of failure
(Cook 1992)
(Cook 2010)
Propose the notion of Multicompetence
+
Bilinguals / Multilinguals have a unique linguistic profile (Grosjean 1985)
Multilinguals speakers' discursive practices more accurately
Itziar's Example
...
Different linguistic profile +
a more complex multicompetence
What does "Focus on Multilingualism" propose?
...
We can notice that the questions Itziar is asked in this reading are the same we had to answer at the beginning of the course. Would you go back and summarise in just one sentence the main conclusion you draw out of your answers and to share it with everyone?
CODE-SWITCHING
The most distinctive behaviour of the multilingual speaker
Languages as connected growers:
Cross-linguistic interaction has been studied particularly at the lexical level:
How do you count in French? (From Basque)
How do you communicate your age in English? (From German)
What is the word order of subordinate sentences in German? (From Basque)
What is the word order of Basque negative sentences? (From Spanish)
Prompt:
Write the words that come to your mind.
Can you tell us how many languages there are on your list?
"A seamless bilingual medium, whereby the boundaries between languages or codes are at most only loosely maintained" (Musk 2010)
Look at one of your last WhatsApp conversations: how many languages have there been used? Do you mind sharing a message from the last 24 hours where more than one language is present?
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Implications / Summary
Imagine this scenario:
You support translanguaging, so you make use of different languages when teaching a foreing tongue. However, students take advantage of the situation and always answer in the languages they are most proficient in. You observe that they are not developing their oral skills in the target language.
How would you design a controlled situation?