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PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENTE PERFECTO

Present Perfect

El Present Perfect (Presente Perfecto) se forma con el auxiliar HAVE y un PARTICIPIO

Present Perfect Formation

have + past participle

Afirmativo

To have:

tener, haber y tomar

Es un tiempo compuesto, por ello necesitamos el verbo haber es necesario como en español.

Ese verbo aunque, a veces podamos confundir con el tener, es el verbo have porque dicho verbo en español tiene los tres significados.

TO HAVE

PARTICIPIO

PAST PARTICIPLE

Es una forma no personal del verbo, en español termina normalmente en -ido, en inglés tiene dos maneras de hacerlo:

- Verbos regulares: le añadimos -ed

talk---talked

- Verbos irregulares: la tercera columna del listado de verbos irregulares.

buy---bought

Negativo

HAVE + NOT

I HAVE NOT TALKED OR I HAVEN'T TALKED

YOU HAVE NOT BOUGHT OR YOU HAVEN'T BOUGHT

HE HAS NOT SPOKEN OR HE HASN'T SPOKEN

SHE HAS NOT SENT OR SHE HASN'T SENT

IT HAS NOT EATEN OR IT HASN'T EATEN

WE HAVE NOT DRIVEN OR WE HAVEN'T DRIVEN

YOU HAVE NOT WRITTEN OR YOU HAVEN'T WRITTEN

THEY HAVE NOT READ OR THEY HAVEN'T READ.

have +not

El participio sigue en la misma forma . Esta forma verbal no sufre variación .

PARTICIPIO

Interrogativo

La estructura de la pregunta en present perfect es:

HAVE +SUJE+PARTICIPIO+C+?

HAS+ HE/SHE/IT + PARTICIPIO+C?

WH+HAVE/HAS+SUJE+PARTICIPIO+C+?

WH: WHAT , WHERE,WHO, HOW, WHY ETC...

have

RESPUESTAS CORTAS:

SHORT

ANSWERS

YES , I HAVE

NO , I HAVEN'T

YES, HE HAS

NO , SHE HASN'T

PARTÍCULAS

Con esto nos referimos a las palabras que son usuales que aparezcan en este tiempo verbal y nos ayudan a dar determinada información de este tiempo verbal.

PARTÍCULAS

SINCE/FOR

SINCE: NOS VA A INDICAR UN MOMENTO CONCRETO EN EL QUE EMPIEZA LA ACCIÓN.

FOR: NOS VA A INDICAR UN PERIODO EN EL QUE VA A OCURRIR LA ACCIÓN.

SINCE /FOR

Siempre son momentos concretos y su posición va al final de la frase

I HAVE LIVED IN LONDON SINCE 2017

YOU HAVE STUDIED SINCE JANUARY

HE HAS MARRIED SINCE 22nd MAY

SINCE

Se refiere a un periodo de tiempo y la posición en la frase es al final

FOR

I have lived there for three years

you have spoken for two hours

he has studied Chinese for ten years

ALREADY

YET

Already-- se traduciría por ya y va colocado justo delante del participio// frases afirmativas

I have already studied for my exam

he has already bought eggs.

Yet-- se traduciría por todavía y va colocada al final de la frase siempre debe ser negativa.

you haven't talked to Mary yet

she hasn't written the e-mail yet.

JUST/RECENTLY

JUST /RECENTLY

JUST- SE TRADUCIRÍA POR ACABAR DE.

VA DELANTE DEL PARTICIPIO.

I have just studied English

He has just eaten his meal.

Recently- recientemente y va al final de la frase

I have bought a new car recently

She has read this book recently

NEVER

NEVER- Va delante del participio. Significa Nunca-tiene connotaciones negativas.

I have never studied Japanese

it has never eaten fish.

EVER- Solo en interrogativas y significa alguna vez-

EVER

-Have you ever been in London?

¿ Has estado alguna vez en Londres?

-Has she ever liked this music?

¿Te ha gustado alguna vez esta música?

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