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ASHLEY TUCKER
Education was still limited to White, upper class males
Women and minorities were still limited during this time
Free education was provided for most white males.
This included immigrants, as a means to assimilate them in to American society.
Some females and freed blacks were also able to attend school, but with more limitations.
Advancement of High Schools
College prep school for the colonial elite.
Religiously based
First form of secondary education in colonial education
Secondary school free of religious orientation. Focused on practical needs of colonial America.
Open to boys and girls.
created the precedent for elective courses.
Academy of Philadelphia founded by Ben Franklin.
Allowed non- college bound boys to earn practical and classical skills.
Adapted to allow students to choose between a college track and a trade track, much like our current programs.
1892 - Committee of ten met to develop a standard curriculum for high schools. The committee combined the college bound and standard tracks of the Academy or Classical school.
Committee comprised of only college professors.
Decided that separate schools perpetuate a class division and wanted to close the gap as a response to the increase of immigration.
Response to workers not gaining the skills needed to preform complex tasks in the rapidly developing manufacturing industry of the United States.
Created a more comprehensive and well rounded education which includes everything from mathematics to vocational education to ethics.
Resulted in a comprehensive school, with webbed tracks of diverse students and branches of extra curricular activities.
Educational Technology Through the Ages
The Cold War and subsequent tensions with global powers created a governmental interest in education.
They started viewing students as the future innovators that would keep them on top of the other nations. Resulted in increase STEM focus.
created the Federal department of Education 1979
Job corps started to train vocational skills post HS
IDEA was passed in 1975, Which opened up opportunities for exceptional learners.
Head start and Title One Distinctions were developed to provide more resources for underprivileged students.
Women were historically removed from Education. Historically Women were taught enough to read and write, Just enough to run a homestead and teach sons the basics before going off to school.
Women have pushed through the barriers and have almost all of the opportunities as their male counterparts. There are still some roadblocks for women but we are working through them.
Gendered professions are abundant. Teachers and Nurses are stigmatized as "women's occupations"
It is no secret that Minorities in America have been neglected. Especially in Education. Even today there are discrepancies between White success and minority success. this is a systematic issue that we need to combat in the classrooms. However, to know where we are going we need to know where we have been.
Latinx students have had to struggle through gaining opportunities in education.
The Education for this group started as catholic missions and ultimately followed similar paths of African and Native American students, where they were marginalized before grudgingly integrated.
Students struggle with language barriers and systematic stigmas which are being combated with ELL and Bilingual programs.
Originally focused on Assimilation or adapting cultures to meet expectation of societies norms.Ultimately a failure
Tried Boarding schools and then schools on reservations. Eventually deferred the education of the Native American Students to the jurisdiction of Reservations.
During times of slavery, Slave and free black students did not receive opportunities for education.
After the Civil War there was a policy of separate but equal. The students were provided educational opportunities that were divided from white students but were supposed to have equal resources. This was ultimately not true. Brown V. Board of Education debunked the Separate but equal. idea.
The Civil Rights movement pushed for integration and ultimately succeeded although there are some areas of the nation that have not fully embraced integration, even today. As neighborhoods and cities have red lines for many minority populations.
Sources
Kauchak, D. (2017). Education in the United States and It's Historical Roots. In P. Eggen (Ed.), Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a professional (6th ed., pp. 111-149). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.