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Coral Reef

& Overfishing

Rachel Seo

Coral Facts

- Coral Reef: Long line of coral that lies in warm, shallow water

Facts

- Animals

- Tiny polyps

- Polyps lay the limestone foundation

- Contains algae called zooxanthellae

Great Barrier Reef

- Stretches 2300km & 35m deep

- World’s largest coral reef ecosystem

- More than 600 different types of corals

Great Barrier Reef

Why are coral reefs so important?

Importance

For the environment...

- Biodiversity

- Natural breakwater

- Shorelines and wetlands

- Planet’s temperature

For the humans...

- Tourists & sustainable employment

- Economic and environmental services

- New medicines

What are some human activities that are damaging the corals?

Damage

&

Impact

- Fishing

- Pollution

- Global aquarium trade

- Tourism

How does it impact us?

- No protection of the coastlines

=

more typhoons and hurricans

- Less food

- Economic failures

How are coral reefs affected by different fishing methods and overfishing?

Overfishing

- Unbalance the ecosystem

Ex) Overfishing of Groupers

(Groupers --> Damselfish --> destruction of corals)

- Impacts...

- fish populations & ecosystem

- human communities

Blast Fishing

Blast Fishing

- Can stress corals, shatter coral colonies, and kill coral tissues

Cyanide Fishing

Cyanide Fishing

- Cyanide kills corals

- Fishers break corals in attempt to extract stunned fish

Deep Water Trawling

- Corals become entangled in these nets

Deep Water Trawling

- Corals are torn away from their bases

How can we restrict overfishing?

Solutions

Marine Protected Area

- Human activities and fishing are managed to ensure sustainability

- Less than 2% of the oceans are protected

- More no-catch zones

- Help corals recover

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

- Goal: To create framework for rebuilding overfished stocks in a short a time as possible

- Established annual catch limits

- Prevents overfishing

- Rebuild overfished stocks

- Provides fishing opportunities and economic benefits

How you can help

- Purchase sustainably harvested (farmed) seafood

- Check out msc.org

- Sign petitions

How you can help

Citations

- Hughes, Terence. "Great Barrier Reef." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2017, www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar233900. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017.

- Dodge, Richard E. "Coral reef." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2017, www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar749237. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017.

- Baker, Sherry. "Rescuing the Reefs." Discover, vol. 29, no. 6, June 2008, p. 15. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=31968436.

- "Great Barrier Reef." Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2017, p. 1p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=funk&AN=GR084100.

- Russell, Reichelt. “Facts about the Great Barrier Reef.” Australia Government - Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/facts-about-the-great-barrier-reef.

- US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. “Are Corals Animals or Plants?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 5 Oct. 2010, oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral.html.

- ICRI. “Benefits of Coral Reefs.” Benefits of Coral Reefs International Coral Reef Initiative, www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/benefits-coral-reefs.

- US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. “Corals.” NOAA National Ocean Service Education: Corals, oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/coral07_importance.html.

- McCarty, Rebecca, and Daniel Blechynden. “The Effects of Overfishing on Coral Reefs.”Greentumble - Together to Support Awareness & Conservation Activities, 28 Oct. 2015, greentumble.com/the-effects-of-overfishing-on-coral-reefs/.

- Bauer, Adriana. “Importance of Coral Reefs - Biodiscovery and the Great Barrier Reef.”Queensland Museum, www.qm.qld.gov.au/microsites/biodiscovery/05human-impact/importance-of-coral-reefs.html.

- April 8, 2016 · by orionsmcc · in Conservation Policy, Conservation Success Stories, Fisheries, Marine Conservation · 7 Comments, and Tags: bycatch, conservation, conserve, fish, fisheries, Magnuson Stevens Act, marine life, marine protected area, NOAA, ocean, overfishing, Seafood Watch, Sustainable seafood, USA. “How the World Can Stop Overfishing – A Case Study of U.S. Fishery Success.” Conserve, 8 Oct. 2016, howtoconserve.org/2016/04/08/how-to-stop-overfishing/.

- US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “How Does Overfishing Threaten Coral Reefs?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 23 June 2016, oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral-overfishing.html.

- Actman, Jani. “In Tanzania, a Horrific Fishing Tactic Destroys All Sea Life.” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 21 Mar. 2017, news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151230-Tanzania-blast-fishing-dynamite-coral-reefs/.

- “The Horrendous Way Fish Are Captured for Your Aquarium-With Cyanide.” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 22 Mar. 2016, news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160310-aquarium-saltwater-tropical-fish-cyanide-coral-reefs/.

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqDFba2xE2o

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