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Getting To Know South Korea
17
Getting to Know South Korea
Meghan J- D bell
Background
Introduction
- - In 1905, South Korea was occupied by Japan. South Korea was formally annexed by Tokyo in 1910, and didn't regain independence until 1945- following Japan's surrender in WWII.
- The South adapted a democratic government post-WWII as the Republic of Korea (ROK)
- South Korea fought alongside US troops & UN as they forced against the DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea [North]) & communist China/Soviet Union from 1950-1953
- PARK Chung-hee took over during 1961 coup; This was followed with rapid economic growth & per capita income achieved
- The first free presidential election under a democratic constitution in South Korea was held in 1987.
- Kim Youn-sam was the first civilian president of South Korea
- -South Korea holds a “Sunshine” agreement with North Korea
Maps of
South Korea
Where is South Korea?
Bordering Countries
Location
- South Korea is located in East Asia, bordered mostly by oceans- such as the Yellow Sea & the Sea of Japan.
- North Korea borders to the North by land, but Japan and China border South Korea to the South East & West/North West (respectively) across the water.
Area & Climate
Geography
- South Korea has a total area of 99720 sq km
- The climate is mostly temperate, with heavier rainfall in the summer than in winter
- Winters can get very cold
-The terrain is mostly made up of hills and mountains, though wide coastal plains occupy the west & south.
Divisions / Distribution
Land Use, & Population Distribution
- Most of the land in South Korea is divided among forested land (63.9%); agricultural (18.1%); & other varied uses (18%)
- Around 70% of the country is covered by mountainous terrain, causing the population to be concentrated in the lowland areas.
- The most concentrated province is the Gyeonggi Province in the North West, which surrounds the capital (Seoul); On the contrary, the province of Gangwon, in the North East, is the least populated.
Pollution
Environmental
Issues
- South Korea is currently battling air pollution in its largest cities, as well as acid rain and water pollution from the discharge of sewage & other industrial effluents.
-Other issues include drift net fishing
the disposal of solid wastes, and
trans-boundary pollution.
Population & Nationality
People & Society
- The nationality of South Korea is Korean/Koreans
- An estimation provides that around July 2021, there will be 51,715,162 people in South Korea
- The age structure puts 11.18% of the population between the ages of 15-24, and the majority (44.66%) being 25-54.
- Life expectancy (at birth) is estimated around
82.78 years of age
Religions
- While many still carry out some Confucian traditions & practices, South Korea’s religious population is estimated to be 19.7% Protestant, 15.5% Buddhist, 7.9% Catholic, & 56.9% follow no religion.
- (As of 2015’s estimations)
Religions
Unemployment
Unemployment
- Unemployment among South Korea's youth (15-24) is estimated around 10.2%
What type of government does South Korea have?
Government
- South Korea is a Presidential Republic
- The suffrage age is now 18 years, after being lowered from the age of 19, beginning with the 2020 national election
South Korean President
Moon Jae-In
President
South Korea's Flag
Flag
National Symbols in South Korea
- The yin-yang symbol, named taegeuk; Rose of Sharon, called Hibiscus syriacus; & a Siberian tiger
- The national colors of South Korea are red, white, blue, & black.
National Symbols
The Economy
Economy
- The GDP – composition, by sector of origin places Agriculture at 2.2%; Industry at 39.3%; and services at 58.3%
- (2017 estimates)
- The labor force estimates occupations around Agriculture to be 4.8%; Industry at 24.6%; and Services around 70.6%
- According to a 2016 estimate, 14.4% of South Koreans live below the poverty line
Electricity & Energies
Energy
- Fossil fuels in South Korea (as of a 2016 estimate) were at 70% of total installed capacity
- As of 2017 estimates, nuclear energy is at 21% of total installed capacity, hydroelectric energy is at 2% of total installed capacity, and other renewable sources are at 8% of total installed capacity
- Also a 2017 estimate, carbon dioxide omissions from consumption of energy lies around 778.4 million Mt (metric tons)
Telephones & Internet Users
- South Korea's mobile cellular is estimated to have around 69,445,005 subscriptions
- There are around 49,309,955 internet users (which is 95.9% of population, as of 2018 estimate)
Communications & Transportation
Roadways
Transportation
- South Korea has a total of 1000,428 km (2016) roads/roadways
- An estimated 92,795 km (4193 km expressways) are paved road
Disputes
Transnational
Issues
- A Military Demarcation Line within a 4-km-wide Demilitarized Zone separates North & South Korea in the Yellow Sea & over the Northern Limit Line.
-South Korea claims it as a maritime boundary
-South Korea & Japan both claim the Liancourt Rocks
Refugees & Internally Displaced Persons
- As of 2019, an estimate places 197 South Koreans as refugees / internally displaced persons
Displacement
Strengths
Strengths & Weaknesses
One of South Korea's strengths is in their industry. Industry makes up 39.3% of the GDP (Gross Labor Product), and 24.6% of the labor force, which can help the economy and consumers.
In terms of environment, 63.9% of the land is forested as opposed to deforested or commercially developed, providing a better ecosystem and helping by not furthering pollution.
Another strength lies in their government, which allows citizens of at least 18 years of age to democratically elect a leader, which means it's more likely to be fair and better represent the thoughts of citizens.
Weaknesses
Weaknesses
One weakness of South Korea currently is the pollution- whether air pollution, acid rain, or water from the discharge of sewage, as well as several other types such as drift net fishing and trans-boundary pollution. This lowers quality of life for both citizens and wildlife of the country.
Another may be the Military Demarcation Line between North & South Korea, which may cause tensions due to military presence or the dispute itself.
Population may be considered a weakness compared to the US, because while the US is bigger (by area), the population is 51,715,162 compared to the US's 328.2 million. This means the population is likely more concentrated and packed together.