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Evolution of the Violin
2
Transcript
Evolution of Bowed- Stringed Instruments (Violin)
MUSEUM LAYOUT
MUSEUM LAYOUT
ORIGINS
ORIGINS
The Modern Bowed-String Instrument Family (Violin, Viola, Cello, and Bass) can trace their origins to Asia and Arabia.
THE RAVANAHATHA
ORIGINS: THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Gourd/Coconut Shell
Neck: Bamboo/wood
String (1-4): Gut, hair, or steel
Bow: horsehair
An ancient bowed-string instrument that is believed to have originated from Sri Lanka.
TIME INVENTED: About 2500 BCE
THE MORIN KHUUR
ORIGINS: INNER MONGOLIA
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (2): Horsehair
Bow: Horsehair
The two strings are constructed differently; the 'male' string is made of 130 stallion hairs while the 'female' string is made of 105 mare hairs.
TIME INVENTED: 13th to 14th Century
THE REBAB (LEFT-HANDED TURKISH REBAB)
ORIGINS: ARABIA
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Metal/Coconut Shell
Neck: Wood
String (3): Gut, hair, or steel
Bow: horsehair
Originated on the Arabian Penisula; direct ancestor of the violin. Brought to Europe through Islamic trading routes.
TIME INVENTED: No later than the 8th Century
EUROPEAN RELATIVES
After the Rebab made its way to Europe, the Renaissance Movement would continue to make additional changes, bringing the ancient violin closer to its modern-day counterpart.
EUROPEAN RELATIVES
THE REBEC
ORIGINS: ARABIA (INTRODUCED IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA)
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (1-5): Gut, hair, or steel
Bow: horsehair
A medieval to early renaissance instrument brought to Europe through Andalusia.
TIME INVENTED: 11th Century
THE CRETAN LYRA
ORIGINS: CRETE
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (1-4): Gut, hair, or steel
Bow: horsehair
Developed from the Byzantine lyra, the Cretan lyra would spread to Western Europe where it influenced the Italian lira da braccio.
TIME INVENTED: 10th Century
THE VIOLA DA GAMBA
ORIGINS: ITALY
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (1-4): Gut, hair, or steel
Bow: horsehair
The Viol Family is the first branch of bowed-string instruments to resemble the modern violin in the way it was played. The Viola Da Gamba was often played alongside violins. It was similar to the Spanish Vihuela
TIME INVENTED: Late 15th Century
THE FIRST VIOLINS & THEIR CREATORS
THE FIRST VIOLINS
GASPARO DA SALÓ
Italian Violin-Maker
Gasparo da Saló
1542-1609
First Instrument Made In 1550
ANDREA AMATI
Italian Violin-Maker
Andrea Amati
1505-1577
Perfected the Violin Size in 1564
MODIFICATIONS THROUGHOUT THE ERAS
MODIFICATIONS
BAROQUE ERA
BAROQUE
ERA
ANTONIO STRADIVARI
Italian Violin-Maker
ANTONIO STRADIVARI
1644-1737
Famous For Making Stradivarius Violins
VIOLIN CHARATERICS
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (4): Gut
Bow: Horsehair
CHARACTERISTICS
Shorter and flatter necks. Shorter fingerboard. No shoulder or chin rests. Violinists rarely played past first position. Bows were more curved.
CLASSICAL ERA
CLASSICAL ERA
FRANCOIS TOURTE
French Bow-Maker
FRANCOIS TOURTE
Francois Tourte was a French bow-maker who first invented the modern bow. He is responsible for the current standard of violin bows.
1747-1835
CHARATERISTICS
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (4): Gut
Bow: Horsehair
CHARATERICTICS
Violin necks and fingerboards were extended in order to allow for higher pitches. The violin was made to be louder to compensate for larger concert halls.
ROMANTIC ERA
ROMANTIC ERA
LOUIS SPOHR
German Violin-Maker
LOUIS SPOHR
Louis Spohr was responsible for making the first violins with chin rests.
1784-1859
VIOLIN CHARATERICS
COMPONENTS:
Soundbox: Wood
Neck: Wood
String (4): Gut
Bow: Horsehair
CHARACTERISTICS
The invention of the chinrest revolutionized violin playing. The addition of the chinrest faciliated easier shifter and overall greater support.
MODERN ERA
(20th Century)
MODERN
ERA
STEEL STRINGS
While violin strings were starting to make the transition from gut to silver, the invention of steel strings made them much more affordable.
STEEL STRINGS
CARBON-FIBER VIOLINS
CARBON-FIBER INSTRUMENTS
The invention of the carbon-fiber violin made the instrument even cheaper and more readily-available to the public.
THE ELECTRIC VIOLIN
ELECTRIC VIOLINS
The first electric violin was invented in 1928 by Victor Pheil, most electric violins were wooden instruments with electic amplification. Nowadays, electric amplification has improved drastically to the point where soundboxes were no longer needed on electric violins.
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