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NATIONALISM VS ULTRA-NATIONALISM; WHEN DOES IT CHANGE?

By Emily Blessing

INTRODUCTION

Nationalism becomes Ultranationalism when patriotism, pride, national support, and protection become unnecessarily destructive, or evolve into superiority and/or dominance. This presentation will explore these ideas, and provide examples for the different places on the nationalism spectrum.

INTRO

NATIONALISM

My definition: Nationalism is supporting one’s country, and patriotically helping to preserve ideals, beliefs, customs, etc. Nationalism can aid in national advancement.

Nationalism is seen in both positive and negative lights depending on the individual or situation, but is often associated with patriotism. Nationalism promotes the interests and way of life of a particular nation, and introduces ideas of cultural preservation and protection.

NATIONALISM

EXAMPLE 1 OF NATIONALISM:

WORLDS IRISH DANCE CHAMPIONSHIP

Every year in Ireland, the Worlds Irish Dance Championship takes place. This event takes the best Irish dancers from all over the globe and pits them against each other for a chance to win. This event evokes national pride for many people, as well as cultural pride. The art of Irish Dance is an old traditional practice that is performed by people of all different backgrounds to this day. The Worlds Dance Championship, and other competitions, provide an outlet for people to express their traditions and cultures. Similar events also share the practice with others and allow for a sense of pride. All of these things make this event a good example of nationalism.

Example 1

EXAMPLE 2 OF NATIONALISM:

CANADA AND THE FIRST NATIONS

On March 18, 2020, the Government of Canada allocated $305 million for a new Indigenous Community Support Fund (ICSF). The money was part of the Canadian COVID-19 Economic Response Plan, and addressed immediate needs for First Nations, Inuit, and Metis communities across Canada.

Example 2

Create national security and safety

1

4

National advancement

2

Preservation of culture, language, traditions, customs, etc.

Goals of Nationalism

3

Form unity and national pride in the population

ULTRANATIONALISM

My definition: Ultranationalism is an idea of superiority or dominance above others. Ultranationalism takes national advancement and preservation to an extreme that can often be at the detrimental expense of others.

ULTRANATIONALISM

Ultranationalism is the extreme form of nationalism, which is often associated with dictators, riots, etc. Violence or destruction of some kind is also seen in ultranationalism.

ULTRANATIONALISM EXAMPLE

HITLER AND THE HOLOCAUST

Germany under the control of Hitler and the Nazis is a good example of ultranationalism. The Holocaust killed millions of people, and forced millions into death camps. Hitler believed that the "Aryan race" was supirior, and desired ethnic uniformity and "purity" for Germany. The many horrors of the Holocaust provide an example of ultranationalist efforts.

Example

1

Assert dominance or superiority over others

Control over other countries

2

Goals of Ultranationalsim

3

Uniformity

4

Forcing beliefs, religion, values and/or customs onto others

WHAT IS THE TURNING POINT?

WHAT CHANGES?

Many influential people in history have started their nationalist efforts with nationalistic ideas but ended up crossing into ultranationalism. When the efforts and actions of an individual begin to infringe upon the liberties and negatively affect the lives of others is when they become ultranationalists. People may have differing opinions on what constitutes ultranationalism compared to nationalism, but I believe the line is often crossed when a person believes their needs or wants take precedence.

PEOPLE WHO'S NATIONALISM CROSSED THE LINE TO ULTRANATIONALISM

PEOPLE

ADOLF HITLER

VLADIMIR PUTIN

JOSEPH STALIN

Hitler was the force behind the Holocaust, which was a genocide that caused mass death and suffering.

Putin recently began a war on Ukraine that has resulted in the death of around 3500 people as of May 9, 2022. Around 3500 others have been injured.

Joseph Stalin is known for being a dictator of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the deaths of millions of Soviet citizens.

EXAMPLE OF NATIOANLISM TURNING INTO ULTRANATIONALISM

FRENCH REVOLUTION

The french revolution provides an example of nationalism becoming ultranationalism. Throughout the revolution, the nationalism exhibited by the people of France shifted, and some events crossed into ultranationalism territory. The Reign of Terror is the most notable example of nationalism becoming ultranationalism.

Example

The Reign of Terror was a period of great bloodshed and unjust acts during the French Revolution. This event resulted from people fearing opposition to the revolution, and numerous people were accused of treason and anti-revolution activity resulting in the persecution of many.

KEY DIFFERENCES

NATIONALISM

ULTRANATIONALISM

Often leads to violence or bloodshed

4

1

Includes desire for national advancement or protection

Examples: Putin's actions agaisnt the Ukraine in 2022, Reign of Terror

Examples: Conscription during WW I and II

DIFFERENCES

Includes feelings of supiriority

5

Includes feelings of pride

2

Examples: Slavery, Holocaust

Examples: Space Race, Olympics

6

3

Wanting control over other countries or people

Wanting to preserve culture, language, customs, or beliefs

Examples: Worlds Irish Dance Championship

Examples: European Imperialism

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Ultimately, nationalism can become ultranationalism based on many different factors. Ultranationalism is simply extreme nationalism, which has been adopted by many people throughout history. Many wars and events that have shaped our world today have been the direct result of ultranationalists.

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