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Manuel Abilio Posada Reina
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The territory was composed of indigenous inhabitants, the "Pipils" or the "Pipiles" a tribe "Nahua" and in less percentage the "Lencas" and Mayas that were settled there for a long time.
1. Pipiles
2. Lencas
3. Cacaopera o Kakawiras
5. Mayas Chortis
In 1524, Pedro de Alvarado was forced to retreat by Pipil warriors led by King Atlacatl and Prince Atonal in the Battle of Acajuctla but he failed.
In 1525 he returned and succeed and he named the area for Jesus Christ "El Salvador" (The Savior). He was appointed its first governor until his death in 1541.
In the early 19th century, Napoleon's occupation of Spain led to the outbreak of revolts all across Spanish America.
Once the Viceroy was defeated in the capital city (Mexico) in 1821, the news were sent to all the territories of New Spain including the former Captaincy of Guatemala. In El Salvador is celebrated every september 15th
El Salvador, fearing incorporation into Mexico, petitioned the United States government for statehood.
A revolution in Mexico and a new Mexican congress voted to allow the Central American Intendencies to decide their own fate. That year, the United Provinces of Central America was formed of the five Central American Intendencies under General Manuel José Arce. The Intendencies took the new name of States.
In 1832, Anastasio Aquino led an indigenous revolt against Criollos and Mestizos in Santiago Nonualco, a small town in the province of La Paz. The source of the discontent was the constant abuse and the lack of land to cultivate. The problem of land distribution has been the source of many political conflicts in Salvadoran history.
The Central American federation was dissolved in 1838 and El Salvador became an independent republic.
The oligarchy that have controlled El Salvador's history were all but feudal lords. Although the constitution was amended repeatedly in favor of the feudal lords (in 1855, 1864, 1871, 1872, 1880, 1883, and 1886), several elements remained constant throughout.
The Fourteen Families "las catorce familias" is a reference to the oligarchy which controlled most of the land and wealth in El Salvador during the 19th and 20th centuries with names including de Sola, Llach, Hill, Meza-Ayau, Dueñas, Dalton, Guerrero, Regalado, Quiñónez, and Salaverría.
Several events happened in the 20th century two of more relevance were military dictatorships and salvadoran civil war.
The most notable event was the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising headed by Farabundo Martí, Chief Feliciano Ama from the Izalco tribe from Juayua. The government retaliation, commonly referred to as La Matanza, which followed after the days of protest. In this 'Matanza', between 10,000 and 40,000 indigenous people and political opponents were murdered, imprisoned or exiled. Until 1980, all but one Salvadoran temporary president was an army officer. Periodic presidential elections were seldom free or fair.
In 1980, The extreme right and the left now disagreed with the government and increased political violence quickly turned into a civil war. The initially poorly trained Salvadoran Armed Forces also engaged in repression and indiscriminate killings, the most notorious of which was the El Mozote massacre in December 1981. The United States supported the government, and Cuba and other Communist states supported the insurgents now organized as the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). The Chapultepec Peace Accords marked the end of the war in 1992, and FMLN became one of the major political parties
In 2001, El Salvdor adopted the United State Dollar as a valid currency, in the same year suffered two earthquake in january and february.