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Media ownership In india

Major types of media ownership

Types of media ownership

  • Individual Ownership
  • Chain Ownership
  • Cross Media Ownership
  • Conglomerate Ownership
  • Vertical Integration

Individual Ownership

  • Organization which is controlled by one person.
  • All policy making decisions are made by him/her.
  • They are accountable for everything happening in the organization.
  • Eg: Asianet News Malayalam and Suvarna News Kannada, are owned by Asianet News
  • Network.

Chain Ownership

  • The same media company owns numerous outlets in a single medium.
  • A chain of newspaper.
  • A series of radio stations.
  • A string of television stations.
  • Several book publishing companies.
  • Usually applies to newspapers in India.
  • Eg: Times of India, Hindustan Times, Indian Express.

Chain Ownership

Cross Media Ownership

  • When an organization owns more than one type of Media Company.
  • For example,a newspaper,a magazine,a television station.
  • Eg: Times Group, Network 18 Group, India Today group

Cross Media Ownership

Conglomerate Ownership

  • The ownership of several business operations, one of which is a media business.
  • Interlocking of directorships.
  • Usually owned to exercise social and political influence on decision makers in the private or
  • public sector.
  • Eg: Zee Entertainment Enterprises owned by Essel Group.

Conglomerate Ownership

Vertical Integration

  • Company has absolute monopoly in the production of the matter that goes into the making of media products.
  • Eg: Sun TV Network Ltd owning Sun Direct DTH

Vertical Integration

corporate acquisition of two prominent Media houses

  • The cases of Network 18 and NDTV.
  • loss of heterogeneity in information and opinions.
  • Diminishing media plurality.
  • Acquiring perceptions.
  • Credibility: tabloidization, vested interests.

Corporate acqussitions of media houses

Media Revenue and Associated Dynamics

Media revenue and associated dynamics

  • Advertising - financial oxygen.
  • 55% of M & E sector's revenue.
  • Financial relationships with advertisers- might be shareholders.
  • Editorial policy, struggle to protect revenues.
  • Chapel Hill study in Indian context, Agenda-Setting.
  • Priming- Iyenger & Kinder.
  • Framing - Erwing Goffmann.
  • Hegemony - Gramsci.

Extending the Normative theories to Indian Context

Theory Application

  • Not black and white.
  • Combination of Libertarian and Social responsibility.
  • Sebert, Peterson and Schramm - 1956.
  • McQuail- Democratic participation theory- 1987.

Press Freedom rankings

Freedom of press

  • As per World Press Freedom Index 2022, India's ranking dropped to 150th position from last year's 142nd rank, among 180 countries.
  • India’s position has been consistently falling in the index since 2016 when it was ranked 133.

Reasons behind the Fall in Ranking of India

Reasons

  • Pressure from Government.
  • Faults in Policy Framework.
  • Danger for Mediapersons.
  • The Kashmir issue.
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