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A sociological theory is a set of ideas that provides an explanation for human society. As a result they provide a particular and partial view of reality. Sociological theories can be grouped together according to a variety of criteria
(Trueman).
Sociological study may be conducted at both macro (large-scale social processes) and micro (small group, face-to-face interactions) levels.
Macro-sociology involves the study of widespread social processes.
The macro-level study of widespread social processes has been the more dominant approach, and has been practiced since sociology’s origins in the founding work of figures like Emile Durkheim. Durkheim, for example, studied the large-scale shift from homogenous traditional societies to industrialized societies, where each individual played a highly specialized role. The tendency toward macro-sociology is evident in the kinds of questions that early sociologists asked: What holds societies together? How are norms (and deviance) established and handled by societies? What factors lead to social change, and what are the results of this change? Macro-sociologists focus on society as a whole, as something that is prior to, and greater than, the sum of individual people
Micro-level sociology looks at small-scale interactions between individuals, such as conversation or group dynamics.Micro-sociology involves the study of people at a more interpersonal level, as in face-to-face interactions.
Micro-sociology allows for this on-the-ground analysis, but can fail to consider the larger forces that influence individual behavior.
Smbolic Interactionism- Mead and Blumer
Berger and Luckman- The Social Construction of Reality