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Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems

Small particles for big Problems

Liam Rocheleau

SCH4U1

Introduction

What Are Nanoparticles?

Nanoparticles are molecules that range in size from 10-1000 nm and can be used as a targeted drug delivery system. Nanoparticles can be used in Nanomedicine to make highly precise Nano-delivery systems for drugs.

Nanomedicine benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines to diseased tissue.

How Small is a Nanoparticle?

Size of a Nanoparticle

Structure of a Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System

Nanoparticles for drug delivery systems come in many different shapes, forms, and materials. In general, all nanopartical drug delivery systems have at least 3 components: A biodegradable polymeric base, a molecular drug payload, and a targeting apparatus

Structures

Comparing Traditional Drug Delivery With Nano Drug Delivery

Nano-Delivery

Traditional Delivery

  • Easier to obtain/employ the use of drug

  • Drug typically passes through unaffected sites

  • Higher initial dosage required

  • Variable routes of delivery

  • Drug concentration in affected site is comparatively low
  • Far less common than more traditional methods

  • Delivered in a targeted manner

  • Less exposure to unaffected sites

  • Typically non-invasive delivery

  • High concentration in affected site

Nano-Delivery vs. Traditional Delivery

How Would Nanoparticles Attack Cancer Cells?

Nanoparticle Cancer Treatment

So, what are the benefits and drawbacks of nanoparticle drug delivery systems?

Pros and Cons

Pros

1

Reduction of drug side effects

2

Greater bio-availability means reduced dosage frequency

3

Smaller dosages = less toxicity/lower chance of overdose

4

Uniform drug levels in blood

5

Feasible in hydrophilic and hydrophobic states (variable routes of administration)

Cons

1

Higher cost

2

Possible immune reaction against carrier systems

3

Chance of insufficient concentration of drug in desired site

4

Difficult to make (the tiniest miscalculation could be disastrous)

Why Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Should be Commonplace

Conclusion

Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are already in use, but still mostly uncommon. This is largely due to the high research costs associated with their development. The benefits far outweigh the drawbacks, therefore nanomedicine must be researched and implemented further in order to increase our understanding and improve techniques in nano-delivery. This will improve the effectivity of treatments, as well as reduce the required dosages thereby increasing the availability of drugs.

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