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MACKENZIE ROCHELLE

5/21/2020

SPECIAL EDUCATION LAW TIMELINE

Brown v. Board of Education

  • Landmark Supreme Court ruling in which it was declared unconstitutional to racially segregate students in public schools
  • Became the start of the fight for equality in education

1954

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PARC v. Commonwealth of PA

  • Student with disabilities was being denied education from different public schools in Pennsylvania
  • Ruling required schools to provide Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

1972

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Mills v. Board of Education

  • Court ruled that no student with disabilities may be denied a public education
  • This case was somewhat of a continuation of Brown v. Board of Education

1972

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

1975

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  • Provides free and appropriate education to all students (F.A.P.E.)
  • Ages 3-21
  • Regardless of type of severity of disability
  • Educate students with disabilities with peers
  • Provide procedural safeguards
  • Came to be as a result of lobbying from parents and deinstitutionalization advocates

Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley

  • The school was sued due to the interpreter being taken away from a student who was deaf.
  • The court sided with the school because the student was able to succeed without the interpreter.
  • The court reinterpreted FAPE and said that students with disabilities do not need to have maximum support. They only need enough to benefit where they could not before.

1982

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Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Act of 1986

1986

  • Procedural safeguards extended to children birth to five years of age
  • Early intervention for children at risk
  • Included provisions for Individualized Family Service Plans (I.F.S.P.s)

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Regular Education Initiative (R.E.I.) of 1986

  • Landmark document issued by the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (O.S.E.R.S.)
  • Shift from "mainstreaming" to "inclusion"

1986

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Timothy W. v. Rochester School District

  • A student in the district was denied special education services because they felt his disability was too severe to benefit from having them.
  • The court ruled a Zero Rejection Policy, which means that the student cannot be denied services no matter the severity of the disability.

1989

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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

  • Physical access to ALL public facilities
  • Transportation access
  • Employers must make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities

1990

Signing of the act in July 1990

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990

1990

  • Changed title from Education for all Handicapped Children Act (1975)
  • Person first language
  • Word "handicapped" removed and substituted with "disability"
  • Includes individuals from ages birth-five with disabilities
  • supported transition of students from school to work
  • Two new categories
  • Autism
  • Traumatic brain injury

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997

1997

  • Recognized that students with disabilities spent the majority of their day in the general education setting
  • General education teachers must be present at I.E.P. meetings
  • Students with disabilities should be assessed like their peers (local and state)
  • Same assessment
  • Alternative instrument

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No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

  • Holds schools accountable for ALL students
  • Accountability through assessment
  • Adequate Yearly Progress (A.Y.P.)
  • Highly qualified teachers
  • Response To Intervention (R.T.I.)

2001

President George W. Bush

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Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

  • Re-authorization of IDEA 1997
  • Correlated with No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
  • Teachers must be highly qualified in core academic content

2004

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