MACKENZIE ROCHELLE
5/21/2020
SPECIAL EDUCATION LAW TIMELINE
Brown v. Board of Education
- Landmark Supreme Court ruling in which it was declared unconstitutional to racially segregate students in public schools
- Became the start of the fight for equality in education
1954
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PARC v. Commonwealth of PA
- Student with disabilities was being denied education from different public schools in Pennsylvania
- Ruling required schools to provide Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
1972
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Mills v. Board of Education
- Court ruled that no student with disabilities may be denied a public education
- This case was somewhat of a continuation of Brown v. Board of Education
1972
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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
1975
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- Provides free and appropriate education to all students (F.A.P.E.)
- Ages 3-21
- Regardless of type of severity of disability
- Educate students with disabilities with peers
- Provide procedural safeguards
- Came to be as a result of lobbying from parents and deinstitutionalization advocates
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley
- The school was sued due to the interpreter being taken away from a student who was deaf.
- The court sided with the school because the student was able to succeed without the interpreter.
- The court reinterpreted FAPE and said that students with disabilities do not need to have maximum support. They only need enough to benefit where they could not before.
1982
https://e3394a5f-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/jessalynsimmsfinal/influential-court-cases/board-of-education-of-hendrick-hudson-central-school-district-v-rowley/hendrick.jpg?attachauth=ANoY7coRbGzfge7Amwd1pmAkIPJnXCA0TaFgJkxFwcBAmMpz3I2oEybPlZcX-RNtdJvDSlF2DobIraCXs2G_Hk44I_TkHyySOd4qh-qKPxNBTWNlGuLzt9xWU6z3VSU_Z4eGijoh3BKrY5-Q7qyL70Q7zmEHvXk6Yzq9qoq7ZZFVKpH-jjTFpCqdMOtVkNL_4tMpgjq0muqa0SGz3sNjUkgnXCPvJK2woePWnIo33tx9onaLuqdv24ZlXygBz6RyZ1qHUca5LZxvqS0rJ7gnjY2nN9RJFpl3mw6OxWIRTEGN0uJ_zaOV6zksNdbmcshmVKgW_v7geF8jQD9NmFtBy3K5YvbFHNb3lJm0Sum1W-0xCetbKo2BN5o%3D&attredirects=0
Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Act of 1986
1986
- Procedural safeguards extended to children birth to five years of age
- Early intervention for children at risk
- Included provisions for Individualized Family Service Plans (I.F.S.P.s)
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Regular Education Initiative (R.E.I.) of 1986
- Landmark document issued by the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (O.S.E.R.S.)
- Shift from "mainstreaming" to "inclusion"
1986
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Timothy W. v. Rochester School District
- A student in the district was denied special education services because they felt his disability was too severe to benefit from having them.
- The court ruled a Zero Rejection Policy, which means that the student cannot be denied services no matter the severity of the disability.
1989
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
- Physical access to ALL public facilities
- Transportation access
- Employers must make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities
1990
Signing of the act in July 1990
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
1990
- Changed title from Education for all Handicapped Children Act (1975)
- Person first language
- Word "handicapped" removed and substituted with "disability"
- Includes individuals from ages birth-five with disabilities
- supported transition of students from school to work
- Two new categories
- Autism
- Traumatic brain injury
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997
1997
- Recognized that students with disabilities spent the majority of their day in the general education setting
- General education teachers must be present at I.E.P. meetings
- Students with disabilities should be assessed like their peers (local and state)
- Same assessment
- Alternative instrument
https://autismsocietyofnc.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/iep-meeting.jpg
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
- Holds schools accountable for ALL students
- Accountability through assessment
- Adequate Yearly Progress (A.Y.P.)
- Highly qualified teachers
- Response To Intervention (R.T.I.)
2001
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Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
- Re-authorization of IDEA 1997
- Correlated with No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
- Teachers must be highly qualified in core academic content
2004
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