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Types of Displays
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Types of Displays
CLO-2
BUETK
By: Engr. Abdul Raziq
Email:abdulraziq@buetk.edu.pk
Outline
Outlines
CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors
LED (Light-Emitting Diode)
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
Display related term
How to Measure Monitor Size
CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors
CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors
- These monitors employ CRT technology
- stream of intense high energy electrons is used to form images on a fluorescent screen
- A cathode ray tube is basically a vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at another end.
- they are heavy, bulky, and costly to replace should they break.
- they are still in use, it would be a good idea to phase these monitors out for cheaper, lighter, and more reliable monitors.
CRT Structure
Black & White
Black & White CRT
CRT Structure
Color
CRT Structure Color
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors
LCD monitors
- joins together the properties of both liquid and crystals.
- They have a temperature range within which the particles are essentially as mobile as they might be in a liquid.
- however are gathered together in an order form similar to a crystal.
- Typically, it consists of a layer of color or monochrome pixels arranged schematically between a couple of transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters.
Structure
LCD Structure
a layer of liquid crystal is pressed between a sheet of glass substrate formed with transparent pixel electrodes and TFTs (thin-film transistors) and a sheet of substrate with a color filter and transparent counter electrodes.
TVs originally used CCFLs (cold cathode fluorescent lamps) for their backlighting. However, because LED technology is now superior in terms of brightness output, compactness, and energy efficiency, modern LCD screens use LEDs for their backlighting.
LED Monitors
- latest types of monitors on the market today
- These are flat panel, or slightly curved displays which make use of light-emitting diodes for back-lighting,
- use much lesser power than CRT and LCD
- considered far more environmentally friendly.
- LED monitors are that they produce images with higher contrast
- have less negative environmental impact when disposed
- more durable than CRT or LCD monitors
- very thin design.
- don’t produce much heat while running.
- The only downside is that they can be more expensive, especially for the high-end monitors like the new curved displays that are being released
LED Working Principle
LED Working Principle
- LED screens are composed of many LEDs placed close together to form a display panel.
- The LEDs in these displays usually emit only three colors, (red, green and blue) but these can be combined to make most colors in the visible spectrum.
- differs from general LCD TVs in that LCDs use fluorescent lights while LEDs use those light emitting diodes.
OLED
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED or Organic LED)
How to Measure Monitor Size
Measurement of Screen
There are a few ways to measure the size of your computer monitor, depending on whether you want to know the image area, the aspect ratio, or the diagonal measurement. All of these measurements are easy to determine, using a ruler or tape measure and some simple math.
Step 1
Determining Image Area
1
- Measure the length of the monitor screen. Use a ruler to measure the horizontal length of the monitor from one end to the other. Don’t include the frame or structure around the monitor, measure only the viewing screen.
Step 2
Determining Image Area
2
- Measure the height of the monitor screen. Only measure the image area rather than the frame or border around the monitor. Use a ruler to determine the vertical height from the top of the screen to the bottom.
Step 3
3
- Multiply the length by the height. To find the image area, multiply the height of the monitor by the length of the monitor. Express the image area in “horizontal length x vertical height.”
- For instance, if the length is 16 inches (40.6 cm) and the height is 10 inches (25.4 cm), the image area can be found by multiplying 16 by 10, which equals 160 inches.
Measure the distance between opposite corners to find the diagonal. The diagonal measurement is what is usually referred to when describing the size of the monitor. Use a tape measure or ruler to find the distance between, for instance, the top left corner of the screen and the bottom right corner of the screen. Don’t include the bevel or frame that borders the screen
Finding the Aspect Ratio and Diagonal Measurement
- Determine the aspect ratio by comparing the length and height. Computer monitors are usually made with an aspect ratio of 4:3, 5:3, 16:9, or 16:10. To find the aspect ratio, compare the length to the height and reduce the numbers if necessary.[1]
- If the length is 16 inches (40.6 cm) and the height is 10 inches (25.4 cm), the aspect ratio is 16:10.
- If the length is 25 inches (63.5 cm) and the height is 15 inches (38.1 cm), the aspect ratio is 25:15, which can be divided by 5 to reduce it to 5:3.
Other Display related terms
Pixel
image resolution
Megapixels
Pixel
image resolution
Pixel
pixel as the smallest element of an image
Resolution
- Image resolution is typically described in PPI, which refers to how many pixels are displayed per inch of an image.
- Higher resolutions mean that there more pixels per inch (PPI), resulting in more pixel information and creating a high-quality,
- Images with lower resolutions have fewer pixels, and if those few pixels are too large (usually when an image is stretched)
- Resolution is sometimes identified by the width and height of the image as well as the total number of pixels in the image. For example, an image that is 2048 pixels wide and 1536 pixels high (2048 x 1536) contains (multiply) 3,145,728 pixels (or 3.1 Megapixels).
Megapixels
Megapixels
One megapixel refers to one million pixels, which are small squares of information that combine to make up an image. So, if a camera has a resolution of eight megapixels, it would be able to capture images with about eight million tiny squares of information per inch, as About.com's photo expert explains