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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
Type I Muscle Fiber Charcteristics
- High Level of mitochondria.
- High Resistance to fatigue.
- Predominant Energy System is the Aerobic System.
- ATPase activity is low.
- Vmax (speed of muscle shortening or contraction) is low.
- Efficiency is high, which means a low amount of energy is used when contracted.
- Specific Tension is Moderate.
Type IIa Muscle Fiber Characteristics
Type IIa Muscle Fiber Characteristics
Characteristics Of Muscle Fiber Type IIA
- High to Moderate Level of mitochondria.
- High to Moderate Resistance to fatigue.
- Predominant Energy System is a combination between Anerobic and Aerobic.
- ATPase activity is high.
- Vmax (speed of muscle shortening or contraction) is high.
- Efficiency is moderate, which means a moderate amount of energy is used wen contracted.
- Specific Tension is high.
Type IIx Muscle Fiber Characteristics
Type IIx Muscle Fiber Characteristics
Low level of mitochondria.
Low resistance to fatigue.
Predominant Energy System is the Anerobic System.
ATPase activity is the highest of all the muscle types.
Vmax (speed of muscle shortening or contraction) is high.
Efficiency is low, which means a lot of energy is used when this muscle fiber is contracted.
Specific Tension is high.
Video and Function of the Muscle Fiber Types
Video and Function of the Muscle Fiber Types
Function of Each Fiber Type
- Functionality of Type I Muscle fiber is best suited for a high endurance athlete because of the high concentration of mitochondria, high energy efficiency, and high resistance to fatigue. Uses the aerobic energy system.
- Functionality of Type IIa Muscle fiber is best suited for middle distant athletes because of the moderate amount of mitochondria, moderate energy efficiency, moderate resistance ot fatigue, and ability to produce more force than a Type I muscle fiber. Uses both aerobic and anaerobic energy system.
- Functionality of Type IIx (labled as Type 2B below) Muscle fiber is best suited for sprinting or power athletes because of the low amount of mitochondria, low energy efficiency, low resistance to fatigue, and high power output. Utilizes the anaerobic energy system.
Function of Each Fiber Type
Test Your Knowledge!
1.) Why would an athlete who is predisposed to a high number of type I muscle fibers be considered to be at a genetic advantage for high endurance activities?
2.) Why would the athlete be conisdered to be at a genetic disadvantage as an Olympic weight lifter?
3.) If a high school athlete is running an 800 meter race what would be the ideal muscle fiber type for the athlete to have an abundance of and why is this muscle fiber type advantagous for an 800 meter event?
Test Your Knowledge!
References
- Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2012). Exercise physiology: theory and application to fitness and performance. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
- K. (2013, September 18). Retrieved July 27, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5yMz2lFgx0
- Picture of fiber types - mindandmuscle.net
- Picture of cartoon athletes - teachpe.com