Thirty Years' War

Defenestration of Prague

May 23, 1618

Ferdinand's election alarmed Bohemian Calvinists, who feared the loss of their religious rights. In May 1618, the Calvinist revolt began when the rebels threw two Catholic members of the Bohemian royal council from a window some seventy feet above the ground. Both councillors fell into a pile of manure, and suffered only minor injuries.

Battle of Sablat

Jun 10, 1619

The Roman Catholic Imperial Army fought a Protestant army. The Romans intercepted the Protestant army as they were going to reinforce allies. The Protestants lost 1,500 infatry and had to retreat.

Battle of White Mountain

Nov 8, 1620

30,000 Bohemians marched against 27,000 men of Ferdinand 2nd. The Bohemians loss ended their era in the war.

Peace of Nikolsburg

Dec 31, 1621

Prince of Transylvania signed the peace treaty with Ferdinand 2nd in order to stop the massacre is Germany.

Naval battle of Saint Martin de Re

Oct 27, 1622

The French Protestant Huguenots suffered a giant loss against the Royal fleet of France. As many of 20,000 cannon shots were fired and the battle only lasted 2 hours.

Battle of Stadtlohn

Aug 6, 1623

The Protestant army led by Christian of Brunswick was intercepted about 5 miles away from the Dutch border by the Count of Tilly. Christian suffered a large defeat against the Count of Tilly.

Battle of Dessau Bridge

Apr 25, 1626

The Imperial Roman Catholics under Albrecht Wallenstein defeated the Protestant army under Ernst Mansfeld. Mansfeld lost over 4,000 men in his defeat.

Battle of Wolgast

Aug 22, 1628

Danish forces under Christian was once again defeated by Wallenstein. Christians 7,000 men were flanked by Wallensteins 8,000.

Treaty of Lubeck

May 22, 1629

Christian of Denmark signed a peace treaty with Wallenstein. Denmark was given back to Christian after he paid the Imperials.

Treaty of Barwalde

Jan 23, 1631

This Treaty brought peace between the Swedish and the French. The Swedish and the French made an alliance to fight the Imperials.

First Battle of Breitenfeld

Sep 7, 1631

The Protestansts under Gustavus defeated the Catholic League under Tilly. This is the first major victory for the Protestants.

Battle of Lutzen

Nov 16, 1632

One of the most deccisive battles of the Thirty Years War. In this Swedish Protestant victory, one of the most important people for the Protestant was killed, Gustavus Adolphus. His death sent confusion throught out the Protestant campaign.

Battle of Nordlingen

Aug 27, 1634

The Roman Catholic Imperial army was reinforced by the Spanish and the Italian. Together they crushed the Protestant armies of Sweden and the German-Protestant allies.

Peace of Prague

May 30, 1635

This Treaty was signed between Ferdinand 2nd and Electorate of Saxony who represented most of the states in the Holy Roman Empire. This ended the civil war in the Thirty Years War for the Empire.

Battle of Wittstock

Sep 24, 1636

The Swedish Protestants with the help of a Swedish Count and Scottish professional soldiers defeated the combined Imperial-Saxon army.

Second Battle of Breitenfeld

Oct 23, 1642

The Protestant forces led by Lennart Torstenson fought the Roman Empire army led by Archduke Leopold Wilhelm and defeated them. The Empire lost around 15,000 casualties and had 5,000 soldiers captured.

Battle of Prague

Jun 25, 1648

The Swedes took the Prague castle. The Swedes tried to take the Old Town but were repulsed on the Charles Bridge. Three Swedish armies were combined and they all attacked the city. The Swedes never took the city because they got word of the Peace Treaty being signed and retreated.

Peace of Westphalia

May 1, 1648

This Peace Treay was actually a series of peace treaties that eventually ended the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire. It also ended the Eighty Years War between Spain and the Dutch Republic. The Treaty was signed between the Holy Roman Empire, House of Habsburg, Spain, France, Dutch, and Sweden.