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Cold War Digital Map Mini-Project

Courtney Scott

Mapping the Cold War

Formation of the Eastern Bloc

Cause(s): To fight Nazi Germany

What Occurred: The Soviet Union made the Eastern Bloc by invading several countries as Soviet Socialist Republics by agreement with Nazi Germany

Formation of the Eastern Bloc

Date(s) of the Event:

-May 14, 1955

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The Soviet Union

Outcome of the Event:

The structures of the Eastern Bloc break up with the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and The Soviet Union broke up in to independent republics

Postwar Occupation & Division of Germany

Cause(s): The Potsdam Agreement was made between the major winners of World War II on 1 August 1945. Germany was separated into spheres of influence during the Cold War between the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc.

What Occurred: From July 17th to August 2nd 1945 at the Potsdam Conference, the Allies officially divided Germany into the four military occupation zones

Postwar Occupation & Division of Germany

Date(s) of the Event:

-1949

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Great Britain was in the northwest, France in the southwest, United States in the south and the Soviet Union in the east. Berlin was divided into four occupied zones.

Outcome of the Event:

Unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, the division of Germany and Berlin into four zones controlled by United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union.

Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift

Cause(s): Stalin wanted Germany to stay weak because a strong Germany was a threat to the Soviet Union

What Occurred: The Soviet Union blocked the western allies railway.

Date(s) of the Event:

-June 24, 1948 – May 12, 1949

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The United States, The United Kingdom, and France.

(The Soviet Union and the Western Allied Powers)

Outcome of the Event:

The State of West Germany was established and the making of East Germany

Chinese Revolution

Cause(s): Increasing imperialist demands, growing nationalism, differences in the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Nationalist Party, etc

What Occurred: A group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty. This established its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system.

Chinese Revolution

Date(s) of the Event:

-1948

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The Chinese Communist Party vs. The Chinese Nationalist Party

Outcome of the Event:

Communist victory of Mainland China People's Republic of China established in mainland China Government of the Republic of China left to Taiwan

Marshall

Plan

Cause(s): An effort to prevent the economic decline of postwar Europe, expansion of communism, and stagnation of world trade and to stimulate European production. They also take measures to increase trade among European countries

What Occurred: The Marshall Plan was a U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries. This was to create good conditions so democratic institutions could survive in the aftermath of World War II

Marshall

Plan

Date(s) of the Event:

-Created April 3, 1948 and was implemented June 5, 1947

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Countries that participated in the plan were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and western Germany.

Outcome of the Event:

European agricultural and industrial production were markedly higher and the balance of trade and related “dollar gap” improved.

Cuban

Revolution

Cause(s): Widespread corruption, political instability, social problems, etc

What Occurred: An armed revolt was conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the government of Fulgencio Batista

Cuban Revolution

Date(s) of the Event:

-July 26, 1953 – January 1, 1959

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Raúl Castro, Che Guevara, Abel Santamaría, Camilo Cienfuegos, Huber Matos, Juan Almeida Bosque, Frank País †, René Ramos Latour †, etc

Outcome of the Event:

A arrangement of occasions which are the Escambray resistance Cuban exile Land change in Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion United States ban against Cuba

Korean War

Cause(s): The spread of communism during the Cold War, Japanese occupation of Korea, etc

What Occurred: Post-WWII, North and South Korea. (North Korean Attack & UN Intervention) (Escalation & Counterattack) (Chinese Intervention) (Fighting Around the 38th

Parallel) (Stalemate)

Korean

War

Date(s) of the Event:

-June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953

Groups/Individuals Involved:

A conflict between the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea and the Republic of South Korea

Outcome of the Event:

The United States, the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea agree to bringing the fighting of the Korean War to an end. This ended America's first experiment with the Cold War concept of “limited war”.

Vietnam

War

Cause(s): The Collapse of French Indochina and Rise of Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh, Battle of Dien Bien Phu, The 1954 Geneva Accords Divide Vietnam, The Cold War, The Overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem, etc.

What Occurred: The Vietnam War scared communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong against South Vietnam and the United States

Vietnam

War

Date(s) of the Event:

-November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The communist government of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong on one side, and the government of South Vietnam and the United States on the other side.

Outcome of the Event:

Communist forces ended the war by seizing control of South Vietnam in 1975. The country was unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam the next year

Cuban Missile

Crisis

Cause(s): An American U-2 spy plane furtively captured nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. President Kennedy met in mystery with his advisers for a few days to examine the issue.

What Occurred: The Soviet Union began to secretly place missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on U.S. cities. The Cuban missile crisis brought the two superpowers to the edge of war before an agreement was reached to withdraw the missiles

Cuban Missile Crisis

Date(s) of the Event:

-October 22, 1962 - November 20, 1962

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Fidel Castro, John F. Kennedy and Cuba Soviet Union United States

Outcome of the Event:

Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev orders withdrawal of missiles from Cuba which ended the Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev launched plans to install medium and intermediate range missiles in Cuba that would put the eastern United States within range of nuclear attack.

Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall

Cause(s): The Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany fell down. East German leaders tried to calm mounting protests by making travel easier for East Germans

What Occurred: People gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany fell down. East German leaders tried to calm mounting protests by making travel easier for East Germans.

Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall

Date(s) of the Event:

-Rise-August 13, 1961 Fall-November 9, 1989

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Soviet Union, Great Britain, and eventually France

Outcome of the Event:

They split the defeated nation into four “allied occupation zones”: The eastern part went to the Soviet Union, while the western part went to the United States.

Bay of Pigs

Invasion

Cause(s): A CIA-financed and trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and tries to overturn the communist government of Fidel Castro.

What Occurred: Brigade 2506 landed at beaches along the Bay of Pigs and instantly came under fire.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Date(s) of the Event:

-April 17, 1961 – April 20, 1961

Groups/Individuals Involved:

Fidel Castro and Fulgencio Batista

Outcome of the Event:

Failed Invasion. 1,200 members of Brigade 2506 surrendered. Greater than 100 members were killed and some escaped to the sea. All others were killed.

Soviet War in Afghanistan

Cause(s): 1978 coup wherein Afghanistan's communist party took power, which started a series of radical modernization and land reforms through the country.

What Occurred: the Soviets organized a huge military airlift into Kabul which involved about 280 transport aircraft and three divisions of almost 8,500 men in each.

Soviet War in Afghanistan

Date(s) of the Event:

-December 24, 1979 – February 15, 1989

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The Soviet Afghanistan War was fought between the Mujaheddin also the Soviet supported Afghanistan government

Outcome of the Event:

In 1988 the Soviet Union signed an accord with the United States, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and also agreed to take out its troops.

Tienanmen Square Massacre

Cause(s): The protests were accelerated by the passing of pro-reform Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Yaobang. This reflected anxieties among the individuals and political elite about the country's future.

What Occurred: Students in Beijing held protests against a Chinese repressive government which led to violence at Tienanmen Square

Tienanmen Square Massacre

Date(s) of the Event:

-April 15, 1989

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The students in Beijing

Outcome of the Event:

The military arrested, killed, and hurt/injured hundreds of protesters.

Fall of the Soviet Union

Cause(s): Causes included Western aggression, The Berlin Wall, weakened Soviet military, nationalist movements, etc

What Occurred: The coup diminished Gorbachev's power and propelled Yeltsin and the democratic forces to the forefront of Soviet and Russian politics.

Fall of the Soviet Union

Date(s) of the Event:

-Collapse of the Soviet Union was on December 26, 1991

Groups/Individuals Involved:

The Soviet Union

Outcome of the Event:

Gorbachev's had a decision to loosen the Soviet yoke on the countries of Eastern Europe created an independent and the overthrow of Communist rule throughout Eastern Europe.

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