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Ammonia Recovery
15
Transcript
Ammonia Recovery
Group 1
Economics
Safety
Approach
Our Approach
- Air stripping
- Nitric acid production
Air Stripping
+ High removal efficiency
+ High technology readiness level (TRL)
+ Relatively simple process
- High energy demand
- Requires addition of base
Nitric acid
- Ammonium nitrate
- Explosives
- Nylon
- Polyurethane foams
Process Flow Diagram
PFD
Stripping
EV OUT:
1040 ppm (g), 36 tonne/hr
EV IN:
417 ppm (l), 83 tonne/hr
Stripping
- Packed columns
- Random, plastic packing
- Air blower
H = 16 m
D = 1.8 m
- Liquid at 100 °C
- Air at 25 °C
- 50 wt% NaOH at 25 °C
- Design spec on air flow
- 95% NH3 recovery
H = 20 m
D = 3.0 m
CD IN:
160 ppm (l), 911 tonne/hr
CD OUT:
320 ppm (g), 433 tonne/hr
Recovery
Recovery
D = 4.7m
- Absorption
- Packed tower, plastic rings
T = 25°C
P = 2 bar
less water=higher concentration
- Distillation
- Trayed tower, sieve trays
P = 1 atm
- Ammonia purity >80%
D = 2.8m
Ostwald
Ostwald Process
- Oxidation tower
- 8 bar, 800°C
- Ammonia to NOx
- Absorber
- 8 bar, 25°C
- NOx to HNO3
- 12 stages
- 19.8% purity
- Distillation column
- 8 bar
- HNO3 purification
- 10 stages
- 52.0% purity
H = 3 m
D = 0.6 m
H = 4.8 m
D = 0.6 m
H = 6.1 m
D = 2 m
Safety
Safety
- Ammonia dangerous >300ppm
- Nitric acid react with NaOH
- Nitric oxides react with air
- Deviations in streams will affect the rest of the process
Economics
Capital Costs
- Power law of capacity
- 304 stainless steel
- Correction factor 4.74
CAPEX
Total: $44.8M
Operational Costs
$512K
$13.5M
- Raw material costs
- Utility costs
- Labor costs
OPEX
$895K
Total Costs
- Direct manufacturing costs
- Fixed manufacturing costs
- General manufacturing costs
Total Costs
Costs: $33.2M / year
Revenue: $2.1M / year
22.3 €/kg N
- Water treated by stripping
- Expensive NH3 purification due to large streams, low
concentrations
- Advice: more intensified separation / use stripping gas directly
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