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GROUP 2
Our psychological, emotional, and social well-being all fall under the category of mental health. It has an effect on how we feel, think, or act. Every stage of our lives—from childhood to youth to adulthood—involves it significantly. Depending on the variables that impact a person, a person's mental health may alter throughout time.
• In an increasingly fast-paced world, understanding mental health and well-being has never been more important. As the modern world demands more of our attention, we become further disconnected from our own needs and happiness, leading to a population where anxiety, depression and other mental health issues are common. Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
• It affects how we think, feel, and act.
• It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make healthy choices.
• Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Mental and physical health are equally important components of overall health.
• Talking about mental health helps improve our communities by making it more acceptable for those suffering from mental illnesses to seek help, learn to cope, and get on the road to recovery.
• If you do not feel comfortable talking to your current doctor, or feel that your current doctor does not have the information or expertise you need, then try to find another doctor who you feel comfortable talking to and continue your treatment with them.
• When you take on the role of being a carer for someone with a mental illness it is a good idea to think through what is involved and how it will affect your life
• Good communication and caring for someone with a mental illness.
Characteristics of an individual with good mental health.
If you have good mental health, you might have emotions including happiness, love, joy and compassion, and you feel generally satisfied with life. You are also likely to feel like you belong to a community and are making a contribution to society.The researcher identifies that we have seven behaviors that contribute to quality mental health:
1. Activity
2. Defense mechanisms,
3. Social connection,
4. Regulation,
5. Human Specific Cognition,
6. Self-Acceptance
7. Adaptability
➡ Characteristics of an individual with bad mental health
• If a person has bad mental health, they might feel sad, empty, anxious, depressed, worthless.
Research says there are nine signs of bad mental health or mental health issues
1. Feeling anxious or worried
Someone with bad mental health could feel anxiety if the worry is constant and interferes all the time.
2. Feeling depressed or unhappy
Individuals with bad mental health could be depressed, irritated, lacking in motivation and energy, losing interest in a hobby or being teary all the time.
3. Emotional outbursts
People have different moods but sudden and dramatic changes in mood, such as extreme distress or anger is one of the characteristics of a person with bad mental health.
4. Sleep problems
Individuals with bad mental health could have difficulty in sleeping, some have insomnia.
5. Weight or appetite changes
Individuals with bad mental health might have a fluctuating weight or rapid weight loss that could lead to eating disorders.
6. Quiet or withdrawn
Individuals with bad mental health sometimes isolate themselves, have depression, bipolar disorder, a psychotic disorder, or another mental health disorder. Refusing to join in social activities may be a sign they need help.
7. Substance abuse
Individuals with bad mental health might abuse a substance just to cope for what they are feeling.
8. Feeling guilty or worthless
Individuals with bad mental health might have thoughts in their head like "I’m a failure", "It’s my fault" or "I’m worthless". These individuals may need help if they’re frequently criticizing or blaming themselves.
8. Feeling guilty or worthless
Individuals with bad mental health might have thoughts in their head like "I’m a failure", "It’s my fault" or "I’m worthless". These individuals may need help if they’re frequently criticizing or blaming themselves.
9. Changes in behavior or feelings
Having a bad mental health may start out as subtle changes to a person's feelings, thinking and behavior. Ongoing and significant changes could be a sign that they have or are developing a mental health disorder. If something doesn’t seem "quite right", it’s important to start the conversation about getting help
Other characteristics:
• Being rude
• Not taking responsibility for his/her mistakes
• Pessimistic
• Short tempered
• Unhappy
• Selfishness
• Hatred
• Arrogance
• Violence
• Immorality
• Impulsive
• Apathetic
• Dishonest
• Jealous
Factors that affecting mental health
What causes mental health problems?
• Mental health problems can have a wide range of causes. It's likely that for many people there is a complicated combination of factors – although different people may be more deeply affected by certain things than others
For example, the following factors could potentially result in a period of poor mental health:
• childhood abuse, trauma, or neglect
• social isolation or loneliness
• experiencing discrimination and stigma, including racism
• social disadvantage, poverty or debt
• bereavement (losing someone close to you)
• severe or long-term stress
• having a long-term physical health condition
• unemployment or losing your job
• homelessness or poor housing
• being a long-term carer for someone
• drug and alcohol misuse
• domestic violence, bullying or other abuse as an adult
• significant trauma as an adult, such as military combat, being involved in a serious incident in which you feared for your life, or being the victim of a violent crime
• physical causes – for example, a head injury or a neurological condition such as epilepsy can have an impact on your behaviour and mood. (It's important to rule out potential physical causes before seeking further treatment for a mental health problem).
COPING MECHANISM
• According to Algorani & Gupta (2022), Coping is defined as the thoughts and behaviors mobilized to manage internal and external stressful situations. When individuals are subjected to a stressor, the varying ways of dealing with it are termed 'coping styles,' which are a set of relatively stable traits that determine the individual's behavior in response to stress.
• TYPES OF COPING MECHANISM
1. APPRAISAL-FOCUSED
• Appraisal-focused (adaptive cognitive) strategies occur when the person modifies the way they think, for example: employing denial, or distancing oneself from the problem. Individuals who use appraisal coping strategies purposely alter their perspective on their situation in order to have a more positive outlook on their situation (Senanayake et al., 2018).
2. EMOTION-FOCUSED
• The focus of this coping mechanism is to change the meaning of the stressor or transfer attention away from it. (Folkman and Lazarus, 1988)
3. PROBLEM FOCUSED
• People using problem-focused strategies try to deal with the cause of their problem.
4. OCCUPATION-FOCUSED COPING
• When people change their occupation itself.
EXAMPLES OF UNHEALTHY COPING MECHANISM
1. TOXIC POSITIVITY
• Toxic Positivity, according to Chiu (2020), is a cultivated idea that the only way to cope with a bad situation is by putting a positive spin on it and disregarding the negativity.
• Too much positive outlook is harmful because it may negatively impact people who are experiencing difficulties. People who have to deal with toxic positivity find their feelings dismissed, ignored, or outright invalidated, rather than being able to share genuine human emotions and receive unconditional support (Cherry, 2021)
• According to Cherry (2021), these are some of the signs of toxic positivity:
• Experience guilt for being sad or angry
• Dismissing others’ difficult feelings
• Hiding painful emotions
• Reciting “positive” quotes about hard situations
• Ignoring your problems
• Examples:
• When something bad happens, such as losing your job, people may say to “just stay positive” or “look on the bright side.” While such comments are often meant to be sympathetic, they can shut down anything the other person might want to say about what they are experiencing.
• After experiencing some type of loss, people might say that “everything happens for a reason.” While people will make such statements because they believe they are comforting, this is also a way of avoiding the other person's pain.
2. Resilience
• “Resilience is the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal demands.” (American Psychological Association, 2022)
• According to A&D Resources (n.d.), too much resilience could make people overly tolerant of adversity.
• Examples:
• Trying to take a positive perspective on situations
• Continuing to apply for jobs or promotions despite being declined several times.
3. Fortitude
• Fortitude is the psychological strength to deal with challenges and maintain one's well-being (Pretorius and Padmanabhanunni, 2021, as cited in Potgieter and Ferreira, 2022).
• Fortitude is a collection of our coping skills, and resources that help us to cope with adversity and lead meaningful lives; that is, doing good as well as feeling good. We can do more than bounce back; we can enhance our wellbeing (Q & a with Erica Frydenberg—Author of Coping in Good Times and Bad, 2022)
• Examples:
• An athlete who continues a race in spite of an injury
4. Grit
• is a personality trait possessed by individuals who demonstrate passion and perseverance toward a goal despite being confronted by significant obstacles and distractions.
• Examples:
• They don't miss assignments. They always have their teammates back. Mentally tough leaders are more consistent than their peers. They have a clear goal that they work towards each day.
• EXAMPLES OF HEALTHY COPING MECHANISM
1. Make time to unwind
• Try to do activities that you enjoy,
2. Talk to others
• Talk to the people that you trust about your feelings and concerns.
3. Recognize when you need more help
4. Talk, listen and encourage expression
• Listen to the thoughts and feelings of others and share some of yours. It is important for people to share their feelings to someone who they know that can understand their fears and worries.
• Essay
Question: In 3 paragraphs, Discuss the impact/s of mental health in your life and how to manage it.
• Assignment
In 200 words, What is the importance of health teaching, justify your answer.
• Question and answer portion