Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Week Seven

Week Seven

  • Quiz: Due Thursday
  • Orig Article: Due Thurs
  • Discussion: Due Next TUESDAY

This Week's Reading & Quiz On:

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Some argue that the Chicago School ruined Latin American for generations, while others argue it saved it. With which position do you agree and why?

Spanish Colonies

1492 to 1800s

How did the colonial system work for as long as it did?

What finally changed?

State

Mercantilism

15th to 19th century

Mercantilism

Export Focus

Exports

  • 15th-16th = gold
  • 17th = silver
  • 19th = sugar & rum

Quinto

Quinto

Elite

Peninsulares

Political and military representatives of the crown

Peninsulares or CREOLE

Elite

Viceroys

Conquistadors & Well-Connected Spanish who were given a set # of Indigenous workers to have contorl over

Encomiendas

Workers

Indigenous & Mestizo workers

Workers

  • Encomienderors to “civilize,” “Christianize,” and treat humanely Indians held in encomienda in exchange for tribute or labor
  • Mistreatment widespread & High Death rates

Population Decline

Independencia

Creoles

My theory:

Those who revolt, not so poor they must focus on their day-today and not so rich they are appreciative to the status Quo.

= The Second Richest

Creoles

  • Wealthy from encomienda system
  • Unable to play a role in government
  • Not legally in control of land (only workers)
  • Taxed by Crown
  • Began reading Enlightenment materials

Elites

State

Spain Distracted

New States

  • Ruled by Creoles
  • Encomiendas became Haciendas (legal focus on land rather than workers)
  • Broke from War!
  • New Trade Agreements needed

Why they may have missed mercantilism (a little)

  • Trade
  • Though colonial powers paid little for goods from colonies, the markets were guaranteed
  • Now 14 newly-independent nations were competing against one another for new trade deals
  • Welfare
  • They now had the protect their own territory and provide their own services, which meant raising revenue on their own people (i.e. Highly unpopular)

Centralized Republics

Latin America's largest trading partner after 1850

Commercial Liberalism

  • Britain wanted cheap agricultural inputs and minerals to fuel urban industry
  • In return, new states got:
  • Finished industrial goods (which they had not had under Spain)
  • Money to build infrastructure (from trade and London financiers)

Monroe Doctrine

World Systems Theory

Core

World Systems Theory

Periphery

Countries not keeping the profits on primary goods (e.g. 2/3 Honduras controlled by United Fruit Company)

Workers

Conservative to Liberal

Conservatives

Conservative to Liberal

Urban Middle Class (Govt Workers, Traders & Artisans)

Liberals

Laborers

(now being paid)

Mexican Revolution

E.g. Mexican revolution

(1910 to 1911)

Porfirio Diaz

Mexican Revolution

Urban Middle Class (Govt Workers, Traders & Artisans)

  • One-term presidency
  • guarantees of civil liberties
  • vast expansion of free public education
  • Minimum wage
  • land reform (i.e. unused land be distributed to the landless)

Laborers

(now being paid)

Import Substitution

Elites

World War I's

Lasting Legacy

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/06/522071853/in-wwi-trenches-instant-coffee-gave-troops-a-much-needed-boost

World War I's

Lasting Legacy

  • Export Demand: to Europe Increased (e.g. tin from Bolivia, nitrate from Chile, copper from Peru or meat from Argentina and Uruguay)
  • High Risk: Very difficult to deliver without being captured
  • Trade with U.S. Increased: Easier to deliver
  • Industrial imports Stopped: Due to war effort needing most Resources

ISI

Import-Substitution Industrialization

ISI

  • Widley Implemented in Latin American from 1920s through 1970s
  • Relies on Little to No Foreign Imports
  • Consumer Demand & Govt Subsidies help to develop a domestic indusrty

Response to Core Dependence

Free competition between two nations

which are highly civilized can only be mutually beneficial in [the] case [that] both of them are in a nearly equal position of industrial development, and any nation which owing to misfortunes is behind others in industry, commerce, and navigation... must first of all strengthen her own individual powers, in order to

fit herself to enter into free competition with more advanced nations. - Friedrich List

Why it took off...

Latin American Economies

Why it took off...

  • Industrial Products
  • ISI
  • Domestic Businesses
  • Primary Products
  • Export-Oriented
  • Pro-U.S. business interests

It might have been a fairer fight between these elite groups, but the Great Depression decreased most demand in primary products from LA, allowing the pro-ISI leaders to become the main elites.

State

  • Increased taxes on consumers to finance ISI
  • Especially hurt rural workers ($ from trade stopped and now being taxed more)
  • Cold WAR
  • Friend in Socialism
  • Pro-Industry
  • state with large control over industrial production (e.g. Nationalizing)
  • Anti-Western Bias (justified states kicking out foreign companies)

Workers

  • Workers
  • Happy with increased in Production wages
  • Social Govts also increased welfare programs
  • Rural taxed more to finance it
  • Consumers
  • Everyone Paid more for goods that were not as efficient as those traded globally

Workers

The Chicago School

"Neoliberalism"

Needed new markets

1970s & 1980s

Core

ISI disadvantages = high prices

and low quality for consumers

Periphery

Stagnant Global GRowth

End of Communist hold worlwide

Elites

Needed new markets

Elite

Core

Elites

Elite

IMF easy loans to keep these governments providing welfare, while opening up markets to global competition

Periphery

State

Prices

Employment

Back to Liberal basics:

  • minimum government involvement (Privatization)
  • Stay out of the Employment of people
  • ONLY control price inflation (with Interest rates, if prices get too high)

State

Workers

With concerns about being "boxed out" of the final peace talks in syria, the U.S. Ambassador to the UN has Pushed to have the U.s. be a Key player in Peace talks & proposes four key provisions to be included in the future Syrian governments constitution:

  • The government must be secular & based on a non-disriminatory rule of law ( E.g. all sects will have access to govt jobs)
  • The govt must not be occupied by a foriegn state
  • Assad must go at the intitiation of this government
  • Open, UN monitored elections

Workers

Boom & Bust

Boom

Public Debt 70% of GDP

https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21684779-disaster-looms-latin-americas-biggest-economy-brazils-fall

Bust

ISI produced not one automobile or tractor!

Bust

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi