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The Eighth Circle

By Amber Groenewald

Panderers and seducers

Bolgia 1

  • panderer:a person who procures a sexual partner for another; pimp

  • Seducers: someone who convinces another for sex

  • Punished by being driven by devils with whips. Costello Sant'angelo and the other towards Monte Giordano

People Mentioned

Pander: Venedico de’ Caccioanemico-He induced Ghisola to do the Marquis of Este’s will.

Seducer: Jason-Robbed the Colchians of the Golden Fleece. Sailed to the Isle of Lemnos and deceived Hypsipyle by leaving her pregnant and lonely.

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Because their sins were sexual, the devils whipping them found sexual pleasure in whipping them.

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Maurice (Catcher in The Rye)- an angry pimp that prostituted a young girl

  • Curley’s Wife (Of Mice and Men)- Curley’s wife goes around the ranch seducing the workers

  • Tom Buchanan (The Great Gatsby)- cheated on Daisy multiple times with different women

Figures that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/827817975231991724/

https://thecatcherandtherye.weebly.com/character-analysis.html

https://twitter.com/sherilynfenn1/status/1217286907605839872

https://gatsbybyannac.wordpress.com/2015/02/24/character-analysis-tom-buchanan/

https://dragon-quest.org/wiki/Chain_whip

Bibliography

Flatters

  • Those who praise others for their personal gain not really meaning the things they say

  • They are forced to sink in their own excrement

Bolgia 2

People Mentioned

  • Alessio Interminei-would flatter people for personal gain

  • Thais-lied to her husband saying she loved him

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Their Punishment Is To Be Sunk In Their Own Excretion Because In Life They Were "Full Of It" So Now They Are Sunk In "It”.

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Myrtle Wilson (The Great Gatsby)- became a mistress to Tom Buchanan to try and escape being poor

  • Klipspringer (The Great Gatsby)- acts like Gatsby’s friend so he can live with him in his mansion and use his wealth but never really cared about him

  • Joseph Goebbels- initiated the “Hail Hitler” slogan and insisted on the use of Der Fuhrer

People that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/5629568261669356/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet_paper

https://www.tumblr.com/search/ewing%20klipspringer

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/books/review/goebbels-a-biography-by-peter-longerich.html

https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/photo-gallery/20853727/image/29837998/Isla-Fisher-Myrtle-Wilson-Great-Gatsby

Bibliography

Simoniacs

  • Sinners sold the Sacraments of Holy Offices to family members so they could become wealthier.

  • Their punishment is to suffer an inverted baptism. They are upside down showing their calves and feet out of the font holes and their feet are on fire.

Bolgia 3

People Mentioned

  • Pope Nicholas III-son of the Orsini she-bear

  • Boniface-stole from the Church, the “lady”, and then destroyed her

  • Clement-a lawless shepherd

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Because they took more from God, they have tainted themselves and had their blessing from God taken from them through a reverse Baptism

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Simon Magus-offered to sell the Holy Spirit to John and Peter

Figures that fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/03/03/recapping-dante-canto-19-or-popes-under-fire/

https://parallellivesbcad.wordpress.com/2017/04/29/simon-magus-was-a-son-of-perdition/

https://www.wga.hu/html_m/m/master/xunk_it/xunk_it1/04sancta.html

https://www.bartoldclinical.com/simons-adventures-in-podiatryland-p4/

https://www.ucg.org/beyond-today/beyond-today-magazine/why-baptism

Bibliography

Fortune Tellers and Diviners

  • The sinners who were considered as sorcerers, soothsayers, prophets, or fortune-tellers are sent.

  • The punishment they suffer is having their heads On backwards

Bolgia 4

People Mentioned

  • Amphiaräus-ran from battle after seeing the future

  • Tiresias-was made a woman and had to strike two entwined snakes before becoming a male again

  • Manto-found land to practice her arts with her followers and was later called Mantua

Seers

  • Eurypylus-an Auger in Greece

  • Michael Scott- knew magic

  • Asdente-did witchcraft

Soothsayers and Alchemists

Symbolic Retribution

  • In their lives they were always telling people what they "see" ahead of them, so they aren't allowed to see in front of them anymore.

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Mistress Hibbins (The Scarlet Letter)- known in the town as a witch

  • Abigail Williams (The Crucible)- attempted to cast a spell on Elizabeth Proctor by witchcraft

  • Tituba (the Crucible)- performs voodoo

Figures that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/443252788302176108/

https://www.fieldservicenews.com/blog/seeing-the-future

http://newenglandfolklore.blogspot.com/2019/04/ann-hibbins-wealthy-witch-of-boston.html

http://kisthecrucible.weebly.com/abigail-williams1.html

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/29625310020670304/

Bibliography

Grafters

  • Deceitful or fraudulent use of one's position, especially in public office, to obtain personal profits or advantages.

  • Their punishment is to stay completely submerged underneath the boiling tar or else face being stabbed by the Malebranche devils with their pitchforks

Bolgia 5

People Mentioned

  • Friar Gomita-held his master’s prisoners and treated them in a way that they praised gaining money while letting them go

  • Ciampolo

  • Don Michel Zanche

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Because They used their political positions for greed and prevented others from rising in doing so, the demons are preventing them from rising from the tar from their higher “position”

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • The Priest (The Pearl)-uses is position as a priest to convince Kino to give him some money from the pearl

  • Henry VIII-used his power to make the New Church of England so he can marry someone else for a male heir

Figures that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/graft

Pictures:

https://davidbruceblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/12/dantes-inferno-canto-21-malebranche/

https://www.wfdd.org/tags/political-power

https://sites.google.com/site/thepearlproductionjensen/cast-and-cr/priest

https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii

https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-xpm-2013-jun-06-la-me-ln-tar-pits-dive-20130606-story.html

Bibliography

Hypocrites

  • people with a set of morals or beliefs they don’t follow

  • Their punishment is to wear gilded cloaks but the Inside of their cloaks was lined with lead

Bolgia 6

People Mentioned

  • Catalano and Loderingo-were chosen to keep the peace in Dante’s city

  • Caiaphas- priest who counselled the Pharisees saying it was right to martyr one man for the sake of the people

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • They look trustful and superior on the outside, but are actually corrupt and vile on the inside.

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

Figures that would fit

  • Professor Faber ( Fahrenheit 451)- against the burning of books but does nothing to stop it

  • Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale (The Scarlet Letter)- preaches about not committing sins yet commits one himself with Hester

  • Governor Bellingham (The Scarlet letter)- very strict with the rules however does not see the misbehaviors in his own house

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://eclecticlight.co/2019/04/29/the-divine-comedy-inferno-11-barrators-hypocrites-and-thieves/

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-makes-lead-poisonous-607898

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/413346072026439271/

https://quotesgram.com/reverend-dimmesdale-quotes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bellingham

Bibliography

Thieves

  • Those who stole for their own greed

  • The sinners in this bolgia are transformed into snakes

Bolgia 7

People Mentioned

  • Vanni Fucci-stole from a sacristy

  • Cacus-stole oxen in a field next to him

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Because in their lives as thieves, they couldn't distinguish the difference between what was theirs and what was another person's property

  • After undergoing thesec hanges they will no longer be able to determine what is theirs an what is another's in terms of personal identity

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Thomas Putnam ( The Crucible)- would accuse those of witchcraft so that he can buy their land

  • The Doctor (The Pearl)- does not help Kino until he shows him his pearl

  • The Dealers (The Pearl)- they cheat and exploit the indian pearl divers

Figures that fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://eclecticlight.co/2019/04/29/the-divine-comedy-inferno-11-barrators-hypocrites-and-thieves/

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/182606959867700282/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/36988172@N06/4398763207/

http://picturesfromanoldbook.blogspot.com/2009/11/pearl-john-steinbeck-originally.html

https://shebfalls-thepearl.weebly.com/c---ch-4-bookch-6-packet---the-pearl-dealers.html

Bibliography

Evil Counselors

  • These People Were False Counselors Who Encouraged Others To Practice Deceit And Trickery

  • They Suffer By Being Concealed In Bright And Brilliant Flames.

  • Each Flame In This Bolgia "Steals" A Sinner And Are Now Inside Of These Flames

Bolgia 8

People Mentioned

  • Ulysses- led his men to land to claim but his ship got struck by a tempest

  • Diomede

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • In their lives these people robbed other men of their integrity by persuading them to practice deceit.

  • These flames in this bolgia are in an open area, and the flames look like fireflies in a valley in the summer at dusk.

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Jack (Lord of the Flies)-convinces the other boys to join his side in savagery and go against Ralph

  • Bob Ewell (To kill a Mockingbird)- tries to convince the town to go against Tom Robinson even though he knows he is innocent

  • Capulet (Romeo and Juliet)- has an irrational hatred for the Montegues and encourages everyone to do the same

Figures that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

Pictures:

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/414894184419876824/

https://www.crescentcityjewishnews.com/op-ed-flames-of-outrage/

https://classic-literature.fandom.com/wiki/Jack

https://tokillamockingbirdbj.weebly.com/obituary.html

https://www.rsc.org.uk/shakespeare-learning-zone/romeo-and-juliet/character/relationships

Bibliography

Sowers of Discord

  • To say and do things which cause distrust among one another, which results in arguments and fights.

  • Usually the ‘sower’ is acting as if he/she is not trying to cause arguments.

  • All of the sinners are in a line moving in a circle around the entire bolgia while a devil with a sword swings away.

Bolgia 9

People Mentioned

  • Curio- quelled Caesar’s doubts at the Rubicon saying that delay always harms men who are ready

  • Bertrand de Born-gave evil counsel to the Young King and made the father and son rebel against each other

  • Mahomet

People Mentioned

Symbolic Retribution

  • Since they divided others in life, they are now sliced to pieces

  • Whatever is severed will grow back as they go around the ditch

  • When they get to the devil it will have grown back but they will get sliced At again by the devil with the sword

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

  • Abigail Williams ( The Crucible)- accused people of being witches and started the Salem witch Trials

  • Mayella Ewell (To Kill a Mockingbird)- accuses Tom Robinson of rape

  • Mercutio (Romeo and Juliet)- cursed the Montagues and started a fight with Tybalt

Figures that would fit

Bibliography

Source:

https://christcenteredhouseofgod.org/sowing-discord/#:~:text=To%20sow%20discord%20is%20to,by%20the%20father%20of%20deceit.

Pictures:

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/205899014190417535/

https://www.amazon.com/Arthur-Golden-Excalibur-Medieval-Sword/dp/B00A2AFCDS

https://lifein1930s.weebly.com/pictures.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercutio

https://ajcrucibleproject.weebly.com/abigail-williams.html

Bibliography

Falsifiers

  • Someone who leads you to believe something that is not true

  • The Alchemists Suffer From Leprosy Which Makes Their Skin All Crusty And Disgusting.

  • The Impersonators Suffer From Rabies By Running Around Biting And Dragging Off Their Prey.

  • The Counterfeiters Suffer From Dropsy, A Condition Where All The Fluids Collects Itself In The Tissues Of Your Body Making Your Skin Look Droopy.

  • The Liars And The Perjurers Suffer From The "Stinking Fever"

Bolgia 10

People Mentioned

  • Griffolino- said he could fly and practiced alchemy

  • Myrrha-sinned with her father under cover of another name

  • Master Adam- counterfeited the coin of Florence

Symbolic Retribution

  • The sinners are infested with hideous physical symptoms of a disease that mirrors their souls' disease because fraud is a spiritual disease

Symbolic Retribution

Figures that fit the sin

Figures that would fit

  • Mary Warren (The Crucible)- was about to expose the hoax of the trials but ends up accusing John Proctor instead and continuing the lie

  • Roger Chillingworth (The Scarlet Letter)-uses his knowledge to disguise himself as a doctor so that he can torment Hester’s lover

  • Jordan Baker (The Great Gatsby)- cheated in her first golfing tournament and continues to twist the truth

Bibliography

Source:

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/falsifier#:~:text=Noun,something%20that%20is%20not%20true

https://electricliterature.com/the-10-biggest-sycophants-from-literature-and-history/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simon-Magus

Pictures:

https://co.pinterest.com/pin/231935449539819904/?amp_client_id=CLIENT_ID(_)&mweb_unauth_id={{default.session}}&simplified=true

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Warren_(actress)

https://www.pinterest.dk/pin/239816748881218364/

https://comicvine.gamespot.com/roger-chillingworth/4005-90417/

https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/02/22/coronavirus-may-be-the-disease-x-health-agency-warned-about.html

Bibliography

Sources:

https://chrisinferno.weebly.com/sinspunishment1.html#:~:text=CIRCLE%208%3A%20the%208th%20circle,the%20other%20circles%20of%20hell.&text=this%20circle%20is%20for%20the,driven%20by%20devils%20with%20whips.

https://classroom.google.com/u/0/w/MTQ3NTIxNTM1NDk3/t/all

Pictures:

https://www.thoughtco.com/dantes-9-circles-of-hell-741539

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