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Cópia de The Scientific Method
2
O Método Científico
Prof. Tárcito
A Ciência recorre a instrumentos de alta precisão para alcançar seus resultados
Intro
|
O que é?
O Método Ciêntifico
O método científico
O cientista precisa seguir um caminho na sua pesquisa
Formular a questão
Pesquisar
Propor hipótese.
Testar a hipótese.
Observar os dados.
Analisar os resultados.
Tirar a conclusão.
Comunicar os resultados.
1.
2.
3.4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The problem identifies what you want to find out.
Develop a clear statement defining the problem Make sure your problem is narrowed/specific enough. It must be testable!
Início da pesquisa científica
O problema/A questão.
Question/Problem
State the problem in
the form of a question:
How does __________ affect _______?
What is the effect of _______ on ________?
3.
1.
Propor questionamentos aos especialistas do assunto que se está pesquisando
Write down all information you already know.
A pesquisa
2.
Pesquisa utilizando livros, artigos e revistas especializadas
How do you test a
O que é uma
1.
Hypothesis?
Hipótese?
Experimento
Develop a test to support or not support your hyothesis.
Míltiplos
Testes
2.
3.
Observação
Experimento
O método científico
It is called an
1.
3.
2.
4.
Etapas do experimento
It is an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested.
e Controle
“Educated Guess”
Usually begins with
“I believe that....”
Um experimento com testes controlados no tempo e usando a comparação com outros experimentos do grupo
O que é o
Experimento Controlado?
TO grupo de controle é usado para comparação. É a etapa de cooperação.
O que é
Grupo de controle?
O grupo de pesquisadores que analisam, comparam os resultados podendo
afirmaror ou mudar as hipóteses
O que é um
Grupo experimental?
A variable is something that can change, either naturally or on purpose.
Independent variable
1.
The factor that the scientist has changed (on purpose) in order to test the hypothesis. It is the cause.
2.
Independent variable
The result of what the scientist changed. It is the effect of what happened in
the experiment. This happens naturally -
no one makes it happen.
The scientist does not have
control over this variable.
What is a
Variable?
Everything that
the scientist keeps
the same in both
the control group and the experimental group.
What are
Constants?
How can you
What do you do with your data?
Make Observations
Any use of the senses to gather information.
Gather
Qualitative Observations
You analyze
it and look for patterns.
When you analyze your data it helps to create graphs (Line Graphs, Bar Graphs) and complete all necessary mathematical calculations.
Anything that you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear.
Data?
Ex. Blue, bitter, fizzing sound.
Quantitative Observations
>
Any observation that can be measured.
Must include a number.
What do you do with
>
your observations?
Ex. 5 centimeters long
You record them!
Usually data is recorded in a chart or table.
Question/Problem
How Do You Write a Conclusion?
You must follow these 5 steps.
1.
State whether your hypothesis is supported by your data or not.
2.
Restate your original hypothesis.
3.
Use exact data to support what you have just written.
4.
Apply error analysis: Think about what you found out in your research. Consider any improvements to your procedure.
5.
Offer explanations for why you think the results of your experiment were what they were. Ask a new question – what do you want to do next?
Can you identify the parts of an experiment?
Six bean plants are to be tested to see what happens if they are placed in the dark. They all have the same type of container, the same amount of soil, and the same amount of water.
Three plants will be placed in a sunlit window and three plants will be placed in a dark closet for 2 weeks.
1.
What is the question?
2.
What is the independent
variable?
3.
What is
the dependent variable?
4.
Which is the
control group
and which is the experimental group?
Thank you