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Human Rights

Timeline

By Colin Law

The Magna Carta (1215):

1215

What:

  • A charter of liberties for the “free man” that King John granted under pressure
  • Became the foundation for individual rights

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • King John sealed the Magna Carta to settle down a brewing revolt

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Served as an example for future demands for liberty
  • Many human rights were promised to be protected
  • Protection of church rights, from illegal imprisonment
  • Civilian access to court justice system

The Enlightenment (17th to 18th Century):

17th-18th Century

What:

  • Philosophical worldview formed by ideas about God, reason, nature, and humanity
  • Free to have own beliefs; skepticism is welcome
  • Concept of “Human Rights”

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Thoughts that have developed over the course of the preceding centuries

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Belief that human history documents a record of progress
  • Idea of “social contract” theory (using natural reason, our primal ancestors developed society with a contract)

US Declaration of Independence (1776):

1776

What:

  • Document that solidified the 13 British colonies as the United States, allowing them to separate from England.

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • The colonies winning the American Revolution
  • King George the IV taxing the colonies and making them miserable

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • America gaining freedom and independence
  • Solidifying natural rights for white men

The French Revolution (1789):

1789

What:

  • Revolt to overthrow the French monarchy

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Corrupt monarchy
  • People realizing the inequality they face

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Government changed from a monarchy to a republic
  • No more French feudalism
  • Execution of King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862):

1817-1862

What:

  • Philosopher, poet, environmental scientist
  • Focused on ideas of being human in the world

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Disgusted by slavery in the Mexican-American War

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Idea of “Civil Disobedience” (resisting civil government)
  • Idea that a government should not be allowed to overrule individuals

The “End” of Slavery in America (1865):

1865

What:

  • During the American Civil War, Lincoln decided to “end” slavery
  • Drafted the “Emancipation Proclamation,” freeing slaves from Confederate States

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Lincoln threatened to free the slaves if the revolting states continued to rebel

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Black people got to become soldiers
  • War turned from a war of economics to a war for freedom
  • No more (evident) slavery *cough* @ prison system *cough*

Turkish Genocide of Armenians (20th Century):

20th Century

What:

  • Turkish government of the Ottoman Empire massacred many Armenians

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • The Turks were jealous of the Armenians' wealth
  • They also suspected the Armenians of not being loyal to the Ottoman Empire
  • Armenians helped the Allies fight against the Turks in World War I. Turks saw them as traitors

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • A possible 600,000 - 1.5 million Armenians dead
  • Only around 388,000 Armenians remained in the Ottoman Empire after the genocide

The Feminist Movements

1918

What:

  • Four waves
  • First Wave (1910s - 1950s) - securing women's right to vote
  • Second Wave (1960s - 1980s) - fixing inequalities at home and at work, banning discrimination, right to have an abortion
  • Third Wave (1990s - 2008) - expanding past only white women and arguing for marginalized groups, intersectionality
  • Fourth Wave (2008 - present) - fighting against sexual harassment, sexual assault, body shaming, r*pe culture, etc.

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Centuries of inequality and discrimination against women

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Rights for women
  • Women are (mostly) free to be themselves finally
  • People caring about women's rights and not treating them like garbage

Mahatma Gandhi (1869 - 1948)

What:

  • Indian social activist (kind of a disgusting dude but that's for another day
  • Known for "non-violent civil disobedience)

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • The inequality he faced as an Indian
  • Wanting to free India from Great Britain's rule

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Freed India from Great Britain's rule
  • Inspired countless other movements, politicians, and activists

Please imagine a picture of Mahatma Gandhi here. Knowing what what else he was up to, I feel really uncomfortable looking at his face

1930s

Forming of the UN (1945):

1945

What:

  • International peacekeeping organization, replacing the League of Nations
  • Prevent conflicts
  • 51 member states at the beginning; currently 193

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Although the League of Nations was ineffective, the US, the UK, and the Soviet Union decided the organization was still necessary

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Drafted the "Universal Declaration of the Human Rights"
  • Fixed countless issues all around the world

Civil Rights Movement (Mid-1950s - 1968):

1950s-1968

What:

  • Working to give rights to Black people and to end legalized racial segregation

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Centuries of inequality and discrimination for Black people

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • Basic human rights were granted to Black people
  • Many new forms of protest came along
  • Fixed or created a bunch of new laws for better protection of all citizens

Human Rights Watch (1978):

1978

What:

  • International organization that investigates and documents human rights violations
  • Created as Helsinki Watch, meant to monitor relations between communist nations and western nations

Cause or Contributing Factors:

  • Formed to make sure the Soviet Union follows the Helsinki Accords, an agreement between the Soviet Union and the western nations to maintain civility between them

Consequences, Results, or Accomplishments:

  • The Human Rights Watch takes care of many injustices
  • Helped many successful campaigns, such as the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
  • There are many allegations regarding the HRW being too biased

Bibliography

Bibliography

Stenton, D.M. (2020). Magna Carta. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magna-Carta

History (2019). Magna Carta. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/magna-carta

Duignan, B. (2020). Enlightenment. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2020). Declaration of Independence. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Declaration-of-Independence

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2020). French Revolution. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2020). Emancipation Proclamation. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Emancipation-Proclamation

History (2019). Armenian Genocide. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/armenian-genocide

History (2019). Feminism. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/feminism-womens-history

Brunell, L. & Brukett, E. (2020). Feminism. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism

History (2019). Mahatma Gandhi. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/india/mahatma-gandhi

Fomerand, J., Lynch, C.M. & Mingst K. (2020). United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2016). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Human-Rights-Watch

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2020). Helsinki Accords. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Helsinki-Accords

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