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Holocaust Timeline

Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany

On January 30th, 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes the chancellor of Germany, beginning his rise to power.

1

Hitler greeting supporters after being appointed the chancellor in 1933

First Concentration Camp

Opened

The first concentration camp opens in Dachau on March 22nd. 'Undesirables' such as the homeless, alcoholics and unemployed are sent to the camps.

2

Enabling Act Passed

3

The enabling act allowed Hitler to pass laws without consulting the Reichstag- the parliament at the time. It was passed on March 24th 1933. This was significant because Hitler now could act like a total dictator and make many of his ideas a reality, including all of the mass-killing that would eventualy occur.

Nuremberg Race Laws

Introduced on September 15th 1935, the Nuremberg laws defined who was considered a Jew and stated that it was illegal for Jewish people to marry or have relations with Aryans to 'conserve the purity of their bloodline'.

4

Night of the broken glass (Kristallnacht)

5

On the night of November 9th 1938, violence against the Jewish population broke out. In the span of two days 250 Jewish synagogues were burned, over 7000 Jewish businesses were trashed, many were killed and Jewish establishments such as schools, hospitals, homes and cemetaries were stolen from. The morning after 30000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Additionally, Jews were fined and forced to pay for the damage caused by these acts of violence.

European Jews Persecuted

6

As Germany continued to invade surrounding countries they encountered the Jewish populations living there and harrassed them and arrested many to be sent to concentration camps.

Killing Squads

Killing squads known as Einsatzgruppen began rounding up and shooting Jews. Over the course of two days 33000 people are killed near Kiev in Ukraine.

7

Aerial view of the monument at Babi Yar, site of a mass grave near Kiev

Mass-gassing begins

8

On July 31st 1941 the 'final solution' was to be implemented. The first 'death camp' was opened at Chelmno on December 8th and soon after the mass-gassing of Jews began. Jewish citizens from all over Germany and occupied territories were sent to these death camps.

Death camps begin to close

9

As enemy forces begin to advance many of the camps were closed and evidence of the horrors that occured there destroyed. Remaining prisoners were forced to go on 'death marches'- forced movement to other camps. Those who resisted, could not continue or were too slow were killed on the spot.

Prisoners during a 'death march'

Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders

10

Unable to accept defeat, Hitler commits suicide on April 30th 1945 and on May 7th Germany officialy surrenders. In November, surviving Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes.

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