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Ancient Greek Timeline

Classic Age

Dark Age

Bronze Age

Archaic Age

Hellinistic Age

~oldass BCE

323 BCE

776 BCE

~1200 BCE

480 BCE

31 BCE

  • Iron Age
  • Basileus (chieftains)
  • no literature
  • Oikos
  • Homer
  • no morality
  • "Days & Works" - Hesiod

Death of Alexander

End of Persian Wars

Battle of Actium

  • Minoans (Crete)
  • Arthur Evans
  • Thalassocracy (naval)
  • King Minos
  • Mycenaeans
  • H. Schliemann
  • Cyclopean Walls
  • Trojan War
  • "The Illiad" - Homer (???)
  • Pylos
  • Linear B
  • Alexander's cultural legacy
  • Alexandria becomes cultural epicenter
  • "A Description of Alexandria" - Strabo
  • Diodochi
  • Alexander IV (Roxanne)
  • Philip's illegitimate handicapped son
  • Ptolemy I
  • Egypt
  • Antigonus the One-Eyed
  • Phrygia (Asia Minor)
  • Ionia
  • Seleucus I
  • Babylonia
  • Battle of Ipsus
  • Antigonus dies
  • Seleucids, Ptolemies set up dynasties
  • Syncretism
  • Hellenistic Cosmopolis
  • Polis culture
  • Panhellenic Religion
  • Delphi
  • Olympic Games (& others)
  • Hoplite Panolpy
  • Phalanx
  • Population Explodes
  • Athens
  • Cylon
  • Draco
  • "Works & Days" - Hesiod
  • Solon
  • Pesistratus
  • "The Pesistratids" - Herodotus
  • "The Pesistratids" - Aristotle
  • Cleisthenes
  • Corinth
  • Cypselus
  • Periander
  • "The Tyranny of Cypselus" - Herodotus
  • Sparta
  • Agoge
  • Helots (Messinians)
  • Peloponnesian League
  • Persia
  • Cyrus The Great
  • subjugates Ionians
  • Darius the Great
  • "The Persian Debate" - Herodotus
  • Ionian Revolt
  • Aristagoras denied help from Sparta, get help from Athens
  • Sack of Sardis
  • Battle of Lade
  • Persian Wars
  • Battle of Marathon
  • Militiades
  • Xerxes
  • Hellespont
  • Themistocles
  • Salamis
  • Thermopylae
  • Battle of Plataea
  • Delian League
  • Athenian Hegemon
  • Battle of Eurymedon
  • Revolt of Thasos
  • Cimon
  • Pericles
  • Beautifies Athens
  • "Funeral Oration" - Thucydides
  • Peloponnesian War
  • Thucydides
  • Athenian Empire vs Peloponnesian Alliance
  • Corcyra & Potidaea
  • "Spartan Debate" - Thucydides
  • Revolt of Samos
  • Megarian Decree
  • Archidamian War (1st 10 yrs)
  • Plague of Athens
  • Revolt in Mytilene
  • "Mytilenean Debate" - Thucydides
  • Cleon
  • Potidaea
  • Battle of Pylos
  • Thebes
  • Battle of Amphipolis
  • Peace of Nicias
  • Sicilian Expedition
  • Alcibiades
  • "Melian Dialogue" - Thucydides
  • Arginusae
  • Battle of Aigospotamoi
  • Athenian Civil War
  • Corinthian War
  • Boeotian War
  • Thebes vs Sparta
  • Battle of Leuktra
  • Sacred Band
  • Spartan Decline
  • Theban Hegemony
  • Epaminondas and Pelopidas
  • Battle of Mantinea II
  • Macedonia
  • Philip of Macedon
  • Improved Phalanx, Cavalry trained by Philip
  • expands to Paeonia and Illyria
  • Alexander born to Princess Olympia
  • Sacred War
  • Battle of Chaeronea
  • Corinthian League
  • Philip assassinated by Pausanias (bodyguard)
  • Alexander the Great
  • Granicus River
  • Issus
  • Siege of Tyre
  • Alexandria (becomes Pharoah)
  • Battle of Gaugamela
  • Proskynesis
  • Merging Persian and Macedonian families

Ancient Roman Timeline

Republic

Empire

Regal Period

Early Rome

Principate

  • Octavian sole power in Rome
  • Gives up triumviral power, keeps consulship
  • Princeps - "first citizen"
  • Emperor in all but name

19 BCE

509 BCE

753 BCE

476 AD

31 BCE

  • Occupied by tribes
  • "Kings"
  • No surviving literature
  • Aeneas
  • Romulus & Remus
  • Kings following Romulus
  • Rex
  • Etruscans
  • Tarquinius Priscus
  • Servius Tullius
  • census
  • Tarquinius Superbus
  • Lucretia
  • Tarquinius Collatinus & Junius Brutus lead a coup
  • "Histories" - Livy
  • Augustus - "Revered One"
  • Princeps
  • Maius Imperium
  • Tribunucua Potestas
  • Pater Patriae
  • Civilitas
  • aimed to reform and restore Roman traditions, piety
  • Golden Age of literature
  • P. Vergilius Maro
  • "Aenid" - Vergil
  • Horace, Titus Livius (Livy), P. Ovidius (Ovid)
  • temples restored, new buildings erected, altars of marble
  • naumachia
  • aquaeducts
  • Prefects of Praetorian Guard, cohortes urbanae, vigiles, annonae, Egypt
  • "Res Gestae" (Achievements) - Augustus
  • "Annals" - Tacitus
  • Successors
  • Gaius and Lucius (nephews) die young
  • Tiberius declared heir
  • Julio-Claudians
  • "Annals"- Tacitus (more)
  • Tiberius Claudius Nero (Augustus's step son)
  • first bit is okay
  • son Drusus dies
  • turns control over to L. Aelius Sejanus, moves to Capri for orgys
  • orders senate to kill Sejanus
  • Gaius Caesar (Caligula), son of Germanicus
  • came out of a fever wack as fuck
  • incest, legislations for farting, pretty psycho dinner guest
  • consulship of his horse Speedy
  • military expedition to Britain halted for seashells
  • killed by Praetorian Guard
  • Claudius (Caligula's uncle)
  • pretty shy, unconfident, stuttering guy
  • needed to show military that he could hang with the big boys
  • military expansion in Britain, Mauretania, Thrace
  • pretty whipped by his wifey Agrippina
  • Nero (Claudius's son)
  • 17 year old brat
  • kills people to assert his authority
  • exiles his mom, tries to assassinate her like 5 times
  • wanted to be popular; actor, charioteer, poet
  • Fire of Rome
  • blamed the Christians
  • Jewish revolt
  • revolts in Spanish, Gallic legions
  • kicked out, hostis, dies shortly after

  • res publica - "the public thing"
  • Senatus Populusque Romanus - "Roman Senate & People"
  • Brutus & Collatinus are first consuls
  • Struggle of the Orders
  • Patricians vs Plebians
  • Patres - "fathers" ; descendants of original patres/senators
  • early domination by Patricians
  • First Secession of the Plebs
  • concillium plebis
  • Ieges Liciniae Sextiae
  • Ieges Genuciae
  • Second Secession of the Plebs
  • plebiscites
  • Expansion
  • First Samnite War
  • Latin War
  • 2nd Samnite War
  • 3rd Samnite War
  • Pyrrhic Wars
  • Expansion through Italy
  • Appian Way
  • Punic Wars
  • vs Carthage
  • 1st Punic War
  • Roman conquest of Sicily
  • 2nd Punic War
  • Hannibal
  • Battle of Zama
  • Cornelius Scipio Africanus
  • 2nd Macedonian War
  • Wars with Seleucids
  • 3rd Macedonian War
  • Batle of Pydna
  • Conquests in Spain
  • unpopular, brings lots of cheap Italian slaves to Rome
  • The Gracchi
  • Tiberius Gracchus - Tribunate
  • proposed land reforms that would help the poor become soldiers
  • tried to run for second tribuneship, called a tyrant
  • Scipio Nasica leads attack and kills Tiberius + 300 others
  • Senatus Consultum Ultimum
  • Gaius Grachhus
  • cheap grain for public
  • senate calls for his death ; 3000 others killed
  • "The Gracchi" - Plutarch
  • 18 months of civil war after Nero
  • Year of 4 Emperors: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
  • Flavians
  • Vespasian
  • Italian princeps
  • Great Jewish Revolt
  • fall of Jerusalem
  • Titus
  • pretty aight guy, popular with Senate, people, army
  • short 2 year reign was interrupted by disasters
  • Fire in Rome
  • Eruption of Mt Vesuvius
  • Domitian
  • maybe poisoned his brother???
  • alienates Senate
  • Flavian Amphitheatre (started by Vespasian, Titus, Domitian added final touches)
  • 5 Good Emperors
  • Nerva
  • Trajan
  • first of adoptive emperors
  • Optimus Princeps
  • Parthinian Expedition
  • "On Early Christians" - Pliny the Younger
  • Hadrian
  • Hadrian's Wall
  • constant tours of frontiers and empire
  • Antonius Pius
  • Marcus Aurelius
  • actually has a son, Aurelius Commodus
  • obsession with popular entertainment
  • assassinated, damnatio memoriae
  • Severans
  • Septimus Severus
  • sets up military monarchy
  • minimal relationship with Senate
  • most of money went to legionaries
  • devalues Roman currency
  • auxilia awarded citizenship at discharge
  • Caracalla
  • Constitutio Antoniniana - universal citizenship
  • killed by Macrinus
  • Elagabulus
  • replaces Caracalla
  • praised the mountain god Elah-gabal
  • not interested in the empire
  • Severan military spending caused financial crisis
  • 3rd Century Crisis
  • Roman emperors all killing each other
  • Invasions (Franks, Vandals, Sarmatians, Goths, Sanasid Persia, Gallic)
  • Diocletian
  • tetrarchy
  • "a pair of Caesars"
  • appoints Maximian as western partner, Constantius his Caesar
  • Galerius as Diocletian's Caesar
  • new coinage on gold standard
  • Edict of Maximum Prices
  • Great Persecution of Christians
  • The Dominate
  • Emperor becomes sacred figure (sacer) ; Dominus not Princeps
  • Constantius dies, troops call for his son Constantine as new Augustus
  • Constantine the Great
  • has a vision and converts to Christianity
  • Edict of Toleration
  • new Roman empire capital at Byzantium
  • Constantin-o-polis
  • lots of conflicting sects of Christianity
  • Valentinian I & Valens
  • Valens defeated by Visigoths
  • Visigoths make alliance with Theosodius I
  • Confederate Tribes
  • integration of foreign tribes into Rome
  • Odovacer deposes Romulus Augustulus
  • Byzantine Empire survives and thrives for centuries
  • Gaius Marius
  • Jurgurthine War
  • Marius celebrates triumph
  • Marius tried to bring reforms to settle veterans with L Saturninus; opposed and disgraced
  • The Social War
  • unrest among Socii (allies)
  • Rome franchises all allies
  • Mithridates
  • massacres 80 000 Romans
  • Sulla
  • Lucius Cornelius Sulla elected consul to lead war
  • Tribune Publius Sulpicius Rufus transfers command to Marius
  • Sulla violates pomerium, seizes Rome ; Marius, Rufus hostes
  • Sulla goes East, Cinna tries to take control but faced mutiny and killed
  • Sulla defeats Mithridates
  • dictator in perpetua
  • Pompey
  • Slave Revolt of Spartacus
  • shares consulship with Crassus
  • Imperium; deals with lots of problems across Mediterranean
  • 2nd Mithridatic War
  • Julius motherfucking Caesar
  • aedile, quastor, Pontifex Maximus, governer of Spain, Consul
  • 1st Triumvirate - Pompey, Crassus, Caesar
  • Gallic Wars (Gaul)
  • Rome split between Caesar and Pompey
  • Caesar crosses the Rubicon
  • Pompey assassinated in Egypy; show of loyalty
  • dictator 3 times, consul 4 times, dictator in perpetua
  • assassinated on Ides of March; Brutus, Cassius
  • Caesar's Successors
  • Caesar leaves gifts, money for all the people of Rome
  • Marcus Antonius
  • Lepidus
  • C. Octavius (the big homie)
  • grandnephew of Caesar, adopted by Caesar
  • imperium, senatorial rank
  • Battle of Mutina
  • Second Triumvirate - Octavius, Antonius, Lepidus
  • Battle of Philippi
  • Perusine War
  • empire split - Antonius (East), Lepidus (Africa), Octavius(West), Sextus Pomey (Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia)
  • Lepidus exiled
  • Battle of Actium
  • suicide of Antonius and Cleiopatra
  • Octavian gets all of Egypt's wealth
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