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Through

History

Castile and Aragon in the Late Middle Ages

The reconquest

Late Middle Ages

(s XIV-XV)

INTRO

During the late Middle Ages on the peninsula there were 5 kingdoms: 4 of them Christian (Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal) and 1 Muslim (Granada). All of them are going through a demographic, economic and political crisis, but at the same time, institutions that survive today are being created, such as the courts. Finally Castile and Aragon will become an only kingdom with the marriage of the Catholic Kings

S. VIII

In the north of the peninsula the first Christian kingdom emerges: the kingdom of Asturias, with Alfonso II as king and the process of reconquest begins.

S. VIII

S. IX

-Despite the Islamic opposition at the end of the IX century, the reconquest reached the Duero line.

-Later it would become the kingdom of León. Portugal would emerge in the West and Castile in the East.

S. IX

S. XI

-The kingdom of Castile became independent in 1035.

-The peninsula: Kingdom of Navarre, the Aragonese counties, the Catalan counties, the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of León.

-The caliphate: kingdoms of taifas

-The Christians continued to conquer territory and conquered Toledo in 1085 by Alfonso VI

-The Christians crossed the line of the Tajo River.

S. XI

S. XII

-In the year 1137 the Crown of Aragon was born, when the Catalan counties and the kingdom of Aragon were united.

-In 1139 Portugal became independent from Castile.

S. XII

S. XIII

-Christian victory against the Almohads in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212).

-Castile was unified with León in 1230, giving rise to the Crown of Castile.

-The Christians reached the Guadalquivir valley and Murcia. Muslim power is reduced to the Kingdom of Granada.

S. XIII

S. XIV

-Demographic and economic crisis, characterized by epidemics (like the black plague) and bad harvests.

-Between 1351-1369, a civil war takes place between the legitimate king, Peter I the Cruel and his half-brother Henry II of Trastámara, who won.

-In Aragon, the treatment of peasants was harshened, causing revolts as the one of "payeses de remensa" , which were not resolved until the Arbitration Ruling of Guadalupe (1486).

S. XIV

S.XV

-The process of territorial expansion of Castile and Aragon focuses on new scenarios.

-Castile focuses its interest on the Atlantic, promoting the North Atlantic route: Castilian wool and iron

-The route of The South Atlantic, around Seville-Cádiz: African products.

-Between 1402-1428, various private expeditions sponsored by the Crown of Castile occupied the Canary Islands.

- The expansion of the Crown of Aragon was based on its prosperous maritime trade around 3 ports (Barcelona, ​​Palma de Mallorca and Valencia)

-In 1492, the Christians conquered the kingdom of Granada and this was the end of the reconquest.

S. XV

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