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A&P Exam 2 Concept Map

Histology, Integumentary System, and Skeletal System

Histology: the Study of Tissues

Tissues - a group of cells with a common function

Histology

ECM composed of ground substance and protein fibers

Extracellular Matrix

  • Long structures that form a rope with tensile strength:
  • Collagen fibers - appear white in tendons; RESIST STRETCHING
  • elastic fibers - distendibility; PROMOTE STRETCHING
  • elastin protein
  • Reticular ribers - type of collagen; thinner and shorter
  • "reticul" = "netlike"
  • helps trap foreign cells, like in the spleen.

Protein Fibers

Functions

  • Provide strength to tissue
  • direct cells to proper place
  • regulate mitosis and cell development

Ground Substance

  • Gel-like substance; most of ECM
  • Intersitial or extracellular fluid
  • Macromolecules:
  • glycosaminoglycans - (GAG) little green pellet thing; long, straight polysaccharide (sugar) chains
  • brings water out of cells
  • proteoglycans - looks like little trees that aggregate together on a tree chain
  • protect against invaders
  • glycoproteins - stick directly out of the membrane protein
  • cell adhesion

Cell Junctions within Tissues

  • Cell junctions formed by Integral proteins
  • Tight Junctions - "occluding junctions"
  • prevent movement, forms a seam all around the cell
  • Blood vessels
  • Desmosomes - "desm" = band or bond
  • like buttons or snaps
  • linker proteins attached to intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton
  • epithelia - lots of mechanical stress
  • Gap Junctions - small pores that allow free passage
  • cell-to-cell communication
  • cardiac musccle need to communicate.

Epitheleal Tissues

Epithelial Tissue serves to resist injury through protection, defend against innume threats, secrete oils and hormones, transport (selective permeability), and sensation.

Lacks Blood Vessels = AVASCULAR

Connective Tissues

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