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Evaporation

Evaporation

When water absorbed enough thermal energy, it becomes a gas (water vapour).

Water vapour mixes with the air and seems to disappear.

This is how your clothes dry when you hang dry them and how puddles on pavement disappear on a hot day.

Transpiration

Water is transferred into the air by plants through evaporation through leaves, stems and flowers.

Condensation

When water vapour loses thermal energy and becomes liquid water.

Water droplets forming on the outside of a cold popcan is an example of Condensation.

Cloud Formation

Liquid water droplets or ice crystals in the air create clouds.

They collide in the air to form larger droplets that fall as rain.

Cloud Formation

Precipitation

Water droplets fall to the ground as rain, ice crystals fall as snow.

They are both forms of precipitation.

Precipitation

Freezing

Water may freeze and remain solid as snow or ice for a long time.

Freezing

Ice Caps

a large area of ice that permanently covers land

Ice caps

Glaciers

A river of ice that moves slowly downhill due to gravity.

Glaciers

Melting

Thermal energy is applied to ice or snow to convert it to liquid water.

Melting

Runoff

Water from precipitation and snowmelt that flows over Earth's surface.

Runoff

Accumulation

Water from runoff is collected in large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans.

Accumulation

Sublimation

Adding thermal energy to solid ice cause a change of state from a solid to a gas.

On crisp, dry winter days snow banks may shrink or ice disappears without first becoming slushy.

Deposition

Removing thermal energy from water vapour cause it to become a solid.

Occurs high in the atmosphere where the temperature is very low, water vapour becomes snow without becoming a liquid first.

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