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Structure

Global Communication The English Language

ILS II SoSe 2020

Alicia Noak, Partena Alexiadou, Dominik Preissler

Structure

1. Historic point of view – language development

2. Use of English today

3. Americanization and a look in the future

4. Sources

Language Development

Language

Development

https://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/

Old English

  • origins: arrival of Anglo-Saxon tribes from Central Europe to the British Isles in 400 AD
  • developed from a set of North Sea Germanic dialects
  • Viking invasions (700 – 1100):

Old English got mixed up with Old Norse

--> more than 2,000 new words

e.g. "give", "take" and "knife", "husband"

Old English

https://www.superprof.de/blog/geschichte-und-entwicklung-der-englischen-sprache/

Middle English

  • English development in the 11th century:

strongly influenced by the official church language Latin and the conquest by the Normans

--> language of the royals became Norman

  • mixture of Romance languages:

Norman French and Germanic languages (Latin)

  • Old English grammatical features became simplified

Middle English

conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066

Modern English

Early Modern English from 1500 to 1750, influenced by the Renaissance

Late Modern English of the 19th and 20th century

Early Modern English

  • 16th century: English became the language of power and influence
  • The Renaissance opened the way to other European countries -->e.g. Italy (words: "opera", "carnival")
  • further boost through the development of English literature and English culture, spearheaded by William Shakespeare
  • Early Modern English laid the foundations for the sentence structure and grammar of the English language

Late Modern English

British Colonialism

  • late 18th century:

the British Empire had spread English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance

--> English becoming the first truly global language

  • With the colonisation of the British Empire, the English language experienced a global expansion

  • 1940: Winston Churchill advocated the introduction of a Basic English with 850 words

  • beginning of the 20th century:

-->imperial control over more than a quarter of the world

-->spreading the English language far and wide resulted in the development of dozens of local versions and dialects of English

--> Contemporary English consisting of about one million words

Biggest spread in 1921

English as a Lingua Franca

Use of English today

  • "common language of choice among speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds'' (Jenkins 2009: 143)
  • "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice, and often the only option'' ( Seidlhofer 2011: 7)

English language in use

  • around 2 billion speakers English as first or second language
  • 1/3 of the world's population
  • 400 million speakers of English as first language
  • growing number of non-native speakers

English language in use

Fields of English usage

https://www.google.de/search?q=english+as+lingua+franca&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj_7cnzwsLqAhUMZxoKHZy3AFUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=english+as+lingua+franca&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIGCAAQCBAeOgQIABAeOgQIABAYUIKMAVihmwFgiJwBaABwAHgAgAFIiAGPBpIBAjEzmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=KkkIX_-wNYzOaZzvgqgF&bih=610&biw=1280#imgrc=Geq1r25bYLKjrM

Globish

  • portmanteau of "english'' and "global''
  • coined by Jean Paul Nerriere
  • ability of nonnative speakers of English to communicate effectively with minimal "utilitarian'' vocabulary of English
  • overwhelmingly economic phenomenon

Globish

English vs. Globish

https://www.google.de/search?q=english+vs.+globish&sxsrf=ALeKk00QCaokwagP4rUvEoeMjVhDRWYN-g:1594321831882&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVl8nT78DqAhWIxcQBHZIACUIQ_AUoAXoECAsQAw&biw=1280&bih=610&dpr=1.5#imgrc=CNsDQ9swhOJVSM

Americanization and a look in the future

https://sites.google.com/a/email.vccs.edu/bus100cnaylormoses/home/strategies-for-reaching-global-markets

Americanization

Americanization

  • American businesses in the whole world
  • influences other culture
  • sports
  • American English influences other language/ English accents
  • Transmission of values via language
  • uneven distribution of English speakers

Look in the Future

Look in the future

  • endangers other language - 90% of the languages are endangered

  • English as L1 becomes less important

  • English language will be easier

  • Asian languages become more important

Works Cited

Sources

Baugh, Albert C. "A history of the English language". Routledge, Volume 5, 2002

Bentahar, Mohammed Lamine, and Amina Boudjelit. "Between globalization et americanization.", 2017.

Christiansen, Thomas. "The rise of English as the global lingua franca. Is the world heading towards

greater monolingualism or new forms of plurilingualism?." Lingue e Linguaggi [Online], 0 2015 pp. 129-154.

Evans, Nicholas. Dying words: Endangered languages and what they have to tell us. Vol. 6. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Kaur, Paramjit. "Attitudes towards English a Lingua Franca.'' Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 118, 2014, pp. 214-221.

Modiano, M. Linguistic imperialism, cultural integrity, and EIL, ELT Journal, Volume 55, Issue 4, October 2001 pp. 339–34.

Mufwene, Salikoko S. "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts." The Handbook of Language and Globalization. By Nikolas Coupland. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. pp. 29-55.

Vidya, Patil. "English as the Global Language.'' International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2018, pp. 205-207.

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