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The Genocide in Rwanda
Genocide in Rwanda
Before Genocide
Tutsi
Hutu
Majority
Agricultural
Lived in large family groups
Agreed to farm for Tutsi's
1
Minority
Nomadic
Came from Ethiopia
Invaded Hutu land
Cattle herders
Adopted Hutu Culture
The Tutsi and Hutu lived Harmonously in Rwanda for many years, until...
Imperialism
Europeans (Germany 1884 and Belgium 1916) took control of the region
Tutsi- More European
Taller
Lighter Skin
Willing to convert to Catholicism
Belgium granted Rwanda independence and divided it into
2 regions- this allowed the oppressed Hutu some power
The Hutu's used their power to get revenge
on the Tutsi's
Stage 1: Classification
Belgian colonialists believed Tutsi's were a naturally superior nobility, descended from the Israelite tribe
of Ham.
The Rwandan royalty was Tutsi.
Belgians distinguished between Hutu's and Tutsi's by nose size, height & eye type.
Another indicator to distinguish Hutu farmers from Tutsi pastoralism was the number of cattle owned.
1. Classification
Stage 2: Symbolism
2. Symbolism
“Ethnicity” was first noted on cards by Belgian Colonial Authorities in 1933.
Tutsis were given access to limited education programs and Catholic priesthood.
Hutus were given less assistance by colonial authorities.
At independence, these preferences were reversed.
Hutus were favored.
These ID cards were later used to distinguish Tutsis from
Hutus in the 1994 massacres of Tutsis and moderate
Hutus that resulted in 800,000+ deaths.
3. Dehumanization
Hate propaganda in speeches, print and on hate radios
vilify the victim group.
Members of the victim group are described as animals, vermin,
and diseases.
Hate radio, Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines, during the Rwandan genocide in 1994, broadcast anti-Tutsi messages like “kill the cockroaches” and “If this disease is not treated immediately, it
will destroy all the Hutu.”
Dehumanization invokes superiority of one group and inferiority of the “other.”
Dehumanization justifies murder by calling it “ethnic cleansing,” or “purification.”
Such euphemisms hide the horror of mass murder.