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CHEMISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
BY ASHNA, INAAYAH, AADITYA AND ISHITA
Carbon dioxide occurs naturally in air, but increased amounts lead to global warming, resulting in climate change.
Carbon monoxide is a gas that, even at low concentrations, is toxic and can hinder the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, leading to death due to oxygen deprivation.
Particulates are tiny solid particles, appearing as dark smoke, for example, particles of soot; and are linked to respiratory problems, and cancer.
Sulfur dioxide dissoles in rain to form acid rain. It acidifies rivers and lakes-killing fish and other river life. It kills trees and insects.
Nitrogen oxides, acidic gases, cause respiratory problems, dissolve in rain to give acid rain, and cause photochemical smog when UV light from the sun reacts with them.
Acid rain was first recognized in 1963, when a researcher found that water at a site in the USA was 100 times more acidic. Subsequently, to seeing that forests and lakes were dying across the Americas and in Europe- Acid rain found to be the cause.
The problem was traced to coal burning power stations that pumped out sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
Using low-sulfur fuels: The process of removing sulfur from coal, gas, and petroleum fuels is done to ensure that they have low levels of sulfur before being burned.
Catalytic converters, which are placed in car exhaust systems, have the ability to convert nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons emitted from gasoline into nitrogen.
Desulfurization of flue gases: involves treating waste gases from power plants with calcium oxide(lime), which reacts with sulfur dioxide to produce calcium sulphite.
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Scientists have predicted that due to climate change
Non Carbon Fuels:
Using Carbon and Methane powered fuels, two greenhousse gases, causes undesirable heat to be trappeed into the atmosphere. To deplete carbon dioxide levels, electrical and non-carbon power generators is suggested
Non-Carbon Electricity
This suggests using hydroelectricity, nuclear power and solar power, most of which are renewable energy sources. Hydroelectricity is the electricity generated by moving bodies of water. Similarily, wind turbines function on the motion of wind. Solar power generates electricity by converting photons from solar radiation to electrons (Photovoltaic effect), and nuclear energy is the break down of unstable isotopes of elements caused by the neutrons in it's nucleus.
Non-Carbon Powered Transport
Non Carbon Powered Transport supports the idea of running vehicles on batteries, as well as using hydrogen - oxygen fueled cells. The basic concept of hydrogen - oxygen fueled cells revolves around the exothermic reaction produced by the burning of hydrogen in oxygen, resulting in water.
Planting Trees
Deforestation isn't a modern crisis, rather, it's been around since the industrial revolution. The accelerated deforesting causes the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to release back into the atmosphere, the heat trapped grew almost exponentially during the industrial revolution (perhaps even presently). Ergo, set out even more trees than original to even dent Climate Change.
Reducing Methane Emissions
Methane, a greenhouse gas, is far worse than carbon dioxide. Due to the structure of Methane, it traps about 80 times more heat than Carbon Dioxide. To reduce Methane emissions, grazing livestock must be reduced. An objective amount of about 45% reduction of Methane by 2030 will help us see a notable diminish in Climate Change.