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Chapter 11: Water
2
Transcript
Chapter 11 Water
Mrs. Hobbs-SHS
Environmental Systems
Date 1
Chapter 11
Warm-Ups
11.1
Water is essential to life on Earth
Response
The water we use today has been around since water first formed on Earth billions of years ago.
11.2
11.3
11.1 Water Resources
Water Resources
Water is a renewable resource because it is circulated in the water cycle
The Water Cycle
Explanation
- Water evaporates at the surface and leaves behind salts and other compounds.
- As the water vapor rises through the atmosphere, the gas cools and condenses into drops of liquid water that form clouds
- Eventually the water in clouds fall back to the Earth
Image
Global Water Distribution
- 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with water
- 97% of that water is salt water in oceans and sease
- Of the remaining freshwater 77% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps
- Onle a small percentage of freshwater is usable by humans (comes from lakes and rivers)
- Surface water is fresh water on lands surface
- Found in lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands
- Rivers, lakes, manmade reservoirs, aquifers, and streams provide drinking water, water to grow crops, power for industry
Surface Water
- Most streams form as water from falling rain and melting snow
- Others form from groundwater moving to the surface
- Streams flow into one another becoming river systems
- ex. The Mississippi, the Amazon (largest river system in the world!), and the Nile are enormous river systems
River Systems
Watersheds
- The area of land that is drained by a river
- Amount of water that enters the watershed varies
- Pollution anywhere in a watershed may end up polluting all of the water downstream
Groundwater
- Most of the fresh water available for human use is underground
- Found beneath Earth's surface in the spaces in sediment and rock formations
- The level where the rocks and soil that are saturated by water is the water table
- In deserts, the water table may be hundreds of meters beneath Earth's surface
- Not actually level. Has peaks and valleys that match the shape of the land above it.
Aquifers
- An underground formation that contains groundwater.
- The Ogallala Aquifer
- Formed from glaciers that melted at the end of the ice age (With the glaciers gone, what supplies the aquifer with its water now?)
- Supplies 1/3 of the groundwater used in the U.S. for irrigation especially
- Water is now being withdrawn 10-40 times faster than it is being replaced
- the aquifer also creates wetlands where many birds live
- Conservation strategies?
Porosity and Permeability
- Porosity: the percentage of the total volume of rock that has spaces (pores). The more porous a rock is, the more water it can hold
- Permeability: The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it. Gravel is permeable. Most clay is not (impermeable).
The Recharge Zone
- An area of Earth's surface from which water percolates down into an aquifer.
- Environmentally sensitive areas because any polluted water in the recharge zone enters the aquifer.
- Aquifers can take tens of thousands of years to recharge
Wells
Visibility
Water Use
Social Media
Other Approaches
Other approaches
Distribution
Water Management
Advertising
Vision
Strategy
Water Polliution
Sales Projections
Targets
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