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Putting Your Argument into Focus

Adjusting the Aperture

Aperture

  • Reveal Motivation
  • The explanation shows why you are writing an argument, the motivation and reason for its being (raison d'être)
  • Clarify
  • By summarizing others' views, you let those others frame and clarify the issue you're writing about
  • Foreshadow
  • The way you summarize also indicates something about how you feel regarding others' arguments, indicating what you support or oppose and what you would amend, complicate, or qualify

Aspect Ratio

Aspect

Ratio

Do:

  • Balance what the original author says with your own focus. Be open to making concessions in an argument
  • Construct a summary that is true to what the original author says while emphasizing aspects that interest you.

Do not:

  • Be afraid to dedicate time to others' views. In the natural and social sciences, it is generally accepted to summarize the work of others quickly.
  • Write solely about your views in response to the text you are summarizing
  • Do nothing but summarize throughout a paper

Shutter

Speed

Shutter Speed

Templates

Flash Sync

Introduce ideas not directly stated but implied or assumed in another's work. Think about what's not being said; also, think of how claims are qualified by authors.

  • Although none of them have said so directly, _________ have often given the impression that __________.

  • One implication of X's treatment of _______ is _______.

  • X assumes that _____________.

  • While they do not readily acknowledge as much, ______ often take for granted that ______.

More Templates

Introduce a debate that is ongoing and still has various sides.

  • In discussions of ________, one controversial issue has been _______. On the one hand, X argues _________. Meanwhile, Y contends ________ and others counter that _______. The data actually suggests __________.

  • When it comes to the topic of _______, most will agree that _______. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of _________. Whereas some are convinced that _________, others maintain that _________.

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