Energy Systems

Energy Systems

Learning objectives and grading criteria:

- Describe the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.

- Explain the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.

- Analyse the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.

Starter Task- 5minutes

You all have paper on your desk facing downwards you are unable to see what is underneath. 1 at a time you each choose a piece of paper. You are required to think of your own definition of for each of the different words. Please write this definition down.

You can help each other if finding it

difficult.

ATP and ADP

• ATP structure

ATP-Is made up of adenosine and three inorganic phosphate (Pi)

• What is ATP?

ATP- Adenosine triphosphate- often referred to as the body's energy currency. ATP is the supply of energy is which stimulates muscle contraction.

• What is ADP?

ADP- adenosine diphosphate- To use ATP as energy the third phosphate group breaks off and away from the second phosphate group- once this occurs this structure is now energy deficient and has now become ADP.

Energy is stored within the chemical bonds in the molecules- when a bond is broken-energy is released

ATP-PC system

• Anaerobic system
• Remember: Muscle can contract using ATP without the presence of oxygen.
• Muscles with hold a small amount of ATP that can be utilised immediately but only enough to withstand around 3 seconds.
• Creatine phosphate: phosphocreatine: PC

Muscle cells contain a high-energy compound called creatine phosphate, in which is able to replenish the ATP levels quickly. When this high energy bond is broken down the energy that is released is transferred to ADP to resynthesise ATP. There is enough PC in the muscle cell to continue to resynthesise ATP for approx 8-10seconds of physcial work.

Phosphocratine (PC)- is broken down by the enzyme creatine kinase into creatine and Pi

Creatine phosphate + ADP = ATP + creatine

ATP- PC

Recovery time- As we have limited stores of PC after the use we would then have to move on to another energy system- We require 2-3 minutes to fully recover these stores.

No waste products are formed using this energy system

Sport Specific- short duration- high intensity

ATP-PC- True or False

• The ATP-PC system is an anaerobic energy system.

• ATP-PC is made up of Adenosine triphosphate and phosophocreatine.

• We have enough ATP stored in our muscles to last 8 seconds.

• We can use Phosophocreatine to resynthesis ATP providing our muscles with more energy.

• 2 different types of waste products are generated from this energy system.

ATP-PC- True or False- Answers

• The ATP-PC system is an anaerobic energy system T

• ATP-PC is made up of Adenosine triphosphate and phosophocreatine T

• We have enough ATP stored in our muscles to last 8 seconds F

• We can use Phosophocreatine to resynthesis ATP providing our muscles with more energy. T

• 2 different types of waste products are generated from this energy system. F

Lactic Acid System

• Short-term energy system- anaerobic
• Produces energy quickly, good for short duration high intensity activities.
• Anaerobic process- not sustainable for a long period of time.
• Energy can be supplied for approx 1-2 minutes intense exercise
• Anaerobic glycolysis
• Lactic acid production

The lactate system

Carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose.

Some glucose enters into the bloodstream and the remaining glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the muscle cells and liver.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose and glycogen requires ATP (2 molecules)

Throughout this breakdown the lactate system produces ATP (4 molecules)

Lactic acid production

Waste products and recovery

- As lactate is produced through this system this will accumulate unless there is oxygen available to break this substance down. A build up of lactate changes the acidity of the muscle- increase fatigue decreased muscle efficiency.

-Recovery- Approx 8 minutes will allow time to remove lactace and restore glycogen levels

Sport Specific-short duration- high intensity

Lactic Acid system:True or false Answers

Lactic acid is part of the aerobic energy system. F

Lactate is a waste product produced by this energy system in which increases the acidity levels within the muscle. T

Increased acidity levels within our muscles is good and helps us improve performance. F

Recovery time for this energy system is approximately 8 minutes T

Lactic Acid system:True or false

Lactic acid is part of the aerobic energy system.

Lactate is a waste product produced by this energy system in which increases the acidity levels within the muscle.

Increased acidity levels within our muscles is good and helps us improve performance.

Recovery time for this energy system is approximately 8 minutes

Aerobic System

• The aerobic system uses oxygen in energy production.
• Long term energy system.
• Energy production is longer resulting in being unsuitable for anaerobic activity- cannot produce enough energy quick enough for the intensity.
• Fuel sources for this energy system consists of stored fats and carbohydrates in which are broken down into glycogen, glucose and fatty acids.
• There are three main processes within this system:

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Electron transport train.

Aerobic Glycolysis:

1st stage

This is known as the breakdown of food into energy- Converting carbohydrate into pyruvic acid using oxygen. This breakdown required 10 chemical reactions- this process of glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP

Krebs Cycle:

2nd stage

Also known as citric acid cycle- Takes place in the mitochondria-The pyruvic acid generated in stage 1 enters the mitochondria and is converted to citrc acid . This results in two molecules of ATP being produced-

generating waste products carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Electron transport chain:

stage 3

The hydrogen produced in stage 2 is vital in energy production- the hydrogen is accepted by the hydrogen acceptor found in the mitochondria where in the presence of oxygen (oxygen + hydrogen =H20) ATP can be produced- at this stage around 34 molecules of ATP are generated from glucose.

Recovery time

Recovery time - The recovery time of this energy system may differ greatly ranging from a few hours to 2-3 days depending on intensity and duration of exercise as well as fitness levels

Sport Specific- low intensity-long durations-

Aerobic system- true or false

Aerobic system could require 2-3 days recovery dependent on the exercise completed and fitness levels of participant.

Only 24 molecules of ATP are produced at stage 3.

Two waste products are generate within this energy system.

This energy system is useful for sport at long duration-high intensity.

Aerobic system- true or false Answers

Aerobic system could require 2-3 days recovery dependent on the exercise completed and fitness levels of participant. T

Only 24 molecules of ATP are produced at stage 3. F

Two waste products are generate within this energy system. T

This energy system is useful for sport at long duration-high intensity. F

Task:

Extended Learning questions:

Why is the aerobic system suited to low-intensity, long duration activities?

Explain how each of the energy system restore ATP and the difference in recovery times- Linking to sport specific activities.

Describe each of the different energy systems

Compare and contrast the production of ATP within each of the energy systems