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Red Summer of 1919
9
Transcript
of 1919
Red Summer
Hiro, Henry, Shul
Background
Intro
- The "Red Summer" of 1919 was a period of extreme racial violence and civil unrest
- It occured in atleast 26 cities in the north and midwest U.S.
What happened?
It was a period in mid 1919 where there was constant white supremacist terrorism and racial riots. These occurred in more than 3 dozen cities across the US.
What happened?
Why it happened?
- Racial Tensions increased across America due to the discarge of military men after WW1
- Along with this over 500,000 African Americans migrated north during this time to leave poverty and Jim Crow laws
- Soliders would come back to their jobs being taken by African American workers, so an oppurtunity competition went undergo
Why it happened?
What is "Red"?
Red?
- The red in the name refers to the accosiation of the racial violence with communist and anarchist ideals, along with left political ideas
- It could also refer to the bloodshed that happend during the plethera of riots taking place in all the cities
Riot of Jenkins County
April 13th:
- In Rural Georgia
- Led to 6 deaths
- Destroyed many properties
- ex: Carswell Baptist Church and 3 Black Masonic lodges
Jenkins County
Charleston Riot:
Charleston
- Resulted in Injuries
- 5 white and 18 black men
- Death of 3 black men: Isaac Doctor, William Brown, James Talbot
- Riot resulted in the imposition of the Martial law in Charleston, South Carolina
- Riot was initiated by 5 white men: 4 US Sailors & 1 civillian
Resistance
- Black Leaders encouraged Black servicemen reutrning from war to fight for respect that they earned through their service
- W.E.B. Dubois famously mentioned not to "return from fighting" but to "return fighting"
- When police were overrun, Washington's African Americans armed themselves with a variety of weapons, attacking white passerbyers
Result
- African Americans emerged from the bloody year with a greater sense of purpose, identity, and pride which was the crucial foundation for the civil rights movement to come.
Extra Information
Still Confused?
- A primary document of a black WW1 veteran who was racially abused after coming back from the war
Conclusion
- The red summer was an extremely violent period in which all African Americans and especially Black veterans were assaulted, threatened, abused, or lynched. Despite this, the red summer provided a sliver of inspiration for African Americans as black veterans led the shift in self defense tactics against white violence.
Conclusion
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