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The Evolution of Basketball

Over time, basketball has changed. Whether it is the rules, equipment, or play style, basketball has evolved with time and become a much more advanced game. But where did it start? How did basketball become such a popular game?

By: Nick W

How Basketball Was Made

How it Started

The game of basketball was invented by a young athletic director named James Naismith. It was a cold day in December 1891, Mr.Naismith wanted to come up with a game that was played inside, was safe, and still as thrilling as sports like football and lacrosse. He thought for a while and found two peach baskets laying in the gym. He was brainstorming ideas and decided to put the baskets at each end of the gym. The peach baskets were nailed 10 feet above the floor, the same height in the NBA today.

The First Game

The first game wasn’t as Mr. Naismith imagined. It was very violent. People punched each other and it ended up a free for all instead of an organized game. Mr.Naismith knew he would have to come up with more rules to make the game more safe and sure enough, he made much more rules than before. With these new rules in place, “basket ball” was an instant hit. In a YMCA gymnasium on March 12th, 1892, the very first public and organized game of basketball was played.

The Original Rules

The Original Rules

Naismith didn’t make all the rules at once but he changed them over time. Some of these rules are still in place today and are rules in the NBA. Naismith’s original rules of the game sold at auction in 2010 for $4.3 million.

Rules 1-7

Original Rules 1-7

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.

4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3,4, and such as described in Rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).

Rules 8-13

Original Rules 8-13

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.

10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.

11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.

13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.

Changes to the Rules

Newer Rules

Originally, there was no set rule on the number of players. In 1897, five players became the mandatory team size.

The first games were played in two fifteen-minute halves. The halves increased to two 20-minute halves. Originally, these games often ended in ties causing rules around this to change. The first tiebreakers were "sudden death" with the first team to score a point winning the game. This was later changed to overtime periods to make each team an equal chance to win.

In 1954 the NBA instituted a 24-second shot clock. This was created because teams kept stalling and holding the ball when they were winning. A 30-second shot clock was deployed internationally by FIBA in 1956. The NCAA 45-second shot clock was further reduced to 35 seconds in 1993.

Fouls were assessed for traveling and physical contact. For any flagrant fouls, just as today, players were disqualified for the whole game. When a team committed three consecutive fouls, without the opponent committing a foul, the opponent was awarded a goal - the predecessor to today's bonus rules. In 1911, player fouls for disqualification were increased from two to four and increased again in 1945 to five fouls. In 1922, traveling or running with the ball was changed to a violation and no longer considered a foul.

Free throws were introduced in 1894 the free throw where anyone could shoot free throws when a foul occurred. In 1924, the free throw rule was amended which required the player who was fouled to shoot the free throws.

The Evolution of Basketball Equipment

The Evolution of Equipment

Along with the rules, basketball equipment advanced in many different ways. Whether it's the hoop, ball, or even shoes, basketball equipment has changed a substantial amount.

The Evolution of the

Basketball Hoop

Hoop

The original hoop was a wooden peach basket. It was hung 10 feet above the floor which is the same as a rims today. Players had to use a ladder to remove the ball from the basket after every shot made. Metal rims with nets soon replaced the wooden baskets, and players cut holes in the nets in 1906 to allow the ball to pass straight through the hoop. Today, regulation basketball hoops are made up of a glass backboard, a steel, breakaway rim, and either a nylon or polyester net.

The Evolution of The Basketball

Ball

Players used a soccer ball in the first basketball games played at the Springfield YMCA. Three years later, Naismith contacted A.G. Spalding & Bros. and requested that the factory produce a new ball specifically designed for his new and popular sport. Early Spalding basketballs consisted of four leather panels with a rubber bladder inside. Factory-produced molded basketballs with a consistent size and shape did not appear until 1942. The NBA changed to eight-panel basketballs in 1971. In 1984, the NBA announced its adoption of the Spalding full-grain leather basketball as its official game ball, which it continued to use until 2006. That year, the NBA introduced the microfiber composite Spalding Cross Traxxion ball as its official game ball.

The Evolution of Baksetball Shoes

Shoes

Converse’s Chuck Taylor were the most popular basketball shoes from 1921 up until the 1960s. Leather shoes began to pop up, causing chuck taylor to become less popular and leather shoes to take their place. Nike released its first basketball shoes in 1972 and began to dominate the market in the 1980s with a series of technological advancements. After Jordan made his shoe, many athletes followed this. Today most NBA stars have their own shoes. For example, Lebron has his own shoe and is very popular in the NBA and for kids.

How the NBA Became the NBA

The Evolution of the NBA

On August 3, 1949, the rival Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball League (NBL) merge to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). That day, representatives from the two leagues met at the BAA offices in New York’s Empire State Building to finalize the merger. Maurice Podoloff, head of the BAA was elected head of the new league. The new NBA was made up of 17 teams that represented both small towns and large cities across the country. Through the 1950s, though, the number of teams dwindled, along with fan support, and by the 1954-55 season, only eight teams remained. After the creation of the shot clock, fans returned, and the league expanded throughout the 1960s and '70s. Today, the NBA attracts players and millions of fans from all around the world.

NBA Players

The Best NBA Players

The best NBA players have changed so much throughout the history of basketball. The stats of the best players in the NBA have looked much different than they did when the NBA first started. For example, the average points per game (PPG) of the best players have increased with time due to the addition of the three point line. Some of the best players in the history of the game revolve around the point line.

Early NBA

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar:

Averaged 24.6 points, 11.2 rebounds, and 3.6 assists. He has the second most points scored all time, 6 championships, and 6 MVPs. Ranked #3 in the NBA top 75.

Bill Russell:

Averaged 15.1 points, 22.5 rebounds, and 4.3 assists. Has won the most NBA championships in history (11 Championships) and 5 MVPs. Ranked #4 in the NBA top 75.

Wilt Chamerblin:

Averaged 30.1 points, 22.9 rebounds, and 4.4 assists. Scored 100 points in one game, was a 4x MVP, and won 2 championships. Ranked #6 in NBA top 75.

Michael Jordan:

Averaged 30.1 points, 6.2 rebounds, and 5.3 assists. Won 6 championships, 5 MVPs, and 10x all-NBA first team. Ranked #1 in NBA top 75.

Magic Johnson:

Averaged 19.5 points, 7.2 rebounds, and 11.2 assists. Won 5 championships, 3 MVPs, and scored 46 points in 1 game. Ranked #5 in NBA top 75.

Larry Bird:

Averaged 24.3 points, 10.0 rebounds, and 6.3 assists. Won 3 championships, 3 MVPs, and won coach of the year. Ranked #7 in NBA top 75.

1980-90s

2000s-Present

Lebron James:

Averaged 27.2 points, 7.5 rebounds, and 7.3 assists. Won 4 championships, 4 MVPs, and the most points in the history of the NBA. Ranked #2 in NBA top 75.

Kobe Bryant: Averaged 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, and 4.7 assists. Won 5 championships, 1 MVP, and 15x All-NBA. Ranked #10 in NBA top 75.

Kevin Durant: Averaged 27.3 points, 7.1 rebounds, and 4.3 assists. Won 2 championships, 1 MVP, and won the rookie of the year. Ranked #13 in NBA top 75.

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