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The American Common School period (1840-1880)
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The first state board of education
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The first state borad of education was created in massachusetts in 1837. It was an organization set up to better education in not only their state, but to be a model for other states to follow. They set standards for teaching about things like what we should learn.
The sewing and washing machines
The sewing machine and the washing machines were the first labor saving devices. They gave us time and allowed us to pursue other interests.
The first sewing machine was created on September 10th 1946 by Elias Howe. It was created to fix clothes in factories.
The first washing machine was patented by James King in 1851. The machine was basically a spinning bucket, that was hand powered, and a wash board.
The sewing and washing machines
california gold rush
Gold is discovered in sacramento valley and people start moving west. eventually the population boombed from 1,000 to 100,000. From 1849 to 1855 a total of $2 billion worth of prcious metal was extracted from the valley.
california gold rush
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Quaker Schools
Welcomed all regadless of religon or race. Quakers believe in continuing revolation which is the religous belief that truth is continuously revealed directly to individuals from God. They provided an education based on beliefs and testimonies they belived in.
Role of the teacher
Teachers were expected to be industrious and honest. Teachers could not smoke, drink, or be married.Teachers were well trained and qualified to both run a classroom and teach a varity of subjects. Many teachers grew
unhappy with the emphasis on standardization.They wanted more freedom in the classroom.
School Curriculum
Basis of teaching, writing, reading,and math with citenship. Progressives belived that schools should focus on students more as individuals.Many felt that the curriculum was too standarized. They felt that students should be encouraged to think critcally and independently, rather than simply memorize information and accept facts. These changes were sigficant for education.
Equal Rights
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Normal School
"Normal Schools" are "Teacher Training Schools".
The term "normal" refers to the hopes that if the teachers knew the same things, they could teach the same things. People thought that this would unify the teachers and improve the schools.
Normal School
Prudence Crandall
Crandall pushed for women and African American rights and education.
Prudence Crandall
African American Education
Not many African Americans could read or write in the past. If they did, they did so in secret.
African American education got better after more rights were gained, but the schools remained segregated.
African American Education
Segregated Schools
Schools for African Americans improved as they gained more rights. However, funding was low so the education was not it's best nor equal. Many children went to work as soon as possible.
Segregated Schools
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Horace Mann
Mann was the first secretary of the School Board of Massachusetts. He made major impacts in state and nation-wide. Mann established free public schools because he believed that everyone should have an education. He had tons of support to help him build these schools and give a quality education.
Teacher Salaries
Teachers got paid by the members of the community. Their wages were usually rather low because it was expensive to run schools and there was not much money to pay the teachers
Common Schools
Common schools gave the same education to all people of different societies. Horace Mann was a stong advocate of the common schools in Massachusetts.
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The Morrill Act
The Morrill Act gave land for public colleges and universities. Because of the Morrill act The CSREES now supports reasearch by land grant colleges and universities to advance agriculture, enviroment, human health and well being.
Kindergarten
A year of school developed by Friedrich Froebel who belived kids learned best from play and brought that belief into kindergarten. While his ideas weren't popular in Germany, America saw how successful his creative approach to learning was with kids. In 1870 public schools began to offer kindergarten, and its still around today!
Friedrich Froebel
Friedrich Froebel, was a German educator who developed the idea of kindergarten, as he believed kids learned best from play.
McGuffey readers
When text books became more availible, Reverend William McGuffey was asked to write a textbook, which became McGuffey Readers, These books didn't just teach school subjects but morals and manners as well. Because they were so popular, the readers contributed to the standardization of American education.
The American Common School Period (1840-1880)
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Describe the American common school period
At the beginning most childern received very little schooling if they received any at all when this period came to an end, education- including free public education for many- was much more widely available.
Describe the American common school period
Civil War
The civil war claimed many lives in both the north and south. On some places like the south the economy was still based on slavery. The freeing of the slaves and the victory of the union caused changes in the American life
Civil War
Oregon trail
In the 1840s the orgen trail was opened and gold was discover in california. The west gave many people new hopes and dreams of starting new lifes. It gave people more time for other interests and pursuits