Energy in the Earth System

- History: 2.2 billion years ago, our atmosphere didn't have Nitrogen and Oxygen but instead obtained it later over the years because of cynobacteria .; Before Nitrogen and Oxygen there was Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia from exploding volcanoes

1

Composition

- The composition of the Earth contains 78% of Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% other gases that include water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, methane, etc.

Sources: https://classroom.google.com/c/MTczMjAwNjExMDVa/a/MzU5MDMwMzkzMzRa/details

Troposphere is the first layer and it's as high and close as Mt.Everest. The temperature in this specific layer is warm.

Thermosphere is the fourth layer and in this layer you can see the auroras (Northern Lights) and this is the layer where most Space Shuttles go to. The temperature here is 360 F which is hot.

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Structure

Stratosphere is the second layer. If a person were to experience this level, their death rate would surpass due to lack of air that the atmosphere receives because of the O-zone layer. The temperature here is cold

Exosphere is the fifth and final layer of the Earth's atmosphere. When you get to this layer, you get the edge of the earth and can gaze at the galaxy because there's nothing around this area. The temperature here is 3,600 F which is extremely hot

Mesosphere is the third layer and at this height you are able to gaze at non-vividly things on our atmosphere like for example, meteors. The temperature here is -130 F which is cold

Earth's atmosphere contains 5 layers which are the Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.

The Earth's early atmosphere (approx. 4.6 billion yrs ago):

- lots of carbon dioxide took up more than half of the planet's atmosphere.

- No trees, only volcanoes

Carbon dioxide is very effortless when it comes to sticking into the atmosphere. Essential things that decreased Carbon Dioxide was sedimentary rocks, living organisms, and oceans.

3

Evolution

Algae, a photosynthesis organism, came into the atmosphere around 2.2 billion years ago and this alone, released a lot of oxygen into the atmosphere

Sources: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zg4qfcw/revision/3

Reative Amount of Radation entering

The #1 factor that helped shaped Earth with it's radiation came from plants and organism and the essential part of the greenhouse effect

the radiation comes into place and most radiation is absorbed by the O-zone

Fate of incoming radiation

When the sun hits radation, most, but all of it is reflected to the Earth with a high of 100%. Due to the O-zone (similar to a blanket since of its way to protect the planet) keeps the atmosphere in a warm way

Radiation

Radiation comes from the sun itself and the sun's radiation is essential to life on planet because without it the world would be as cold as a gas giant. The radiation from the sun absorbs the planet and keeps the atmosphere warm for all life nessasary

Adsorption

Adsorption occours when liquid is formed in a molecular way and this was the first causeof liquid coming into our planet because this liquid was the start of forming water and having water did eventually camefrom the planet and caused it to be a human world to everyone.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is managed by the heat of the sun and that is because of organisms

Sunlight is used to increase the oxygen for the plants and organisms.

Essential to keeping more oxygen into the air since we only have 21%

The Greenhouse effect

The four main greenhouse gases include Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Fluoridated Gases, and Nitrous Oxide.

C.D = 82%

Methane = 10%

Nitrous Oxide = 6%

Fluoridated Gases = 3%

Greenhouse gasses

The four main greenhouse gases include Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Fluoridated Gases, and Nitrous Oxide.

C.D = 82%

Methane = 10%

Nitrous Oxide = 6%

Fluoridated Gases = 3%

How the process works

Sun comes by Radiation and when it comes here, without the Greenhouse Effect, it would be very difficult to live here considering it would be VERY hard for people to live. WIth the greenhouse effect, plants and organisms could safety live here with the oxygen that is provided here

Impact on Earth

The impact of the greenhouse effect brought more animals and humans together since there's so many oxygen it has to offer. The oxygen keeps the planet safe however, when mankind decides to control things and make co2 in the air, the Greenhouse seems to be forgotten by a lot of people.

Evidence of Climate Change

The burning of fossil fuels caused the percentages of co2 to rise

The increase of co2 casued the ice to melt which will eventually lead to rising sea levels

Over the years the temperature has been rising rapidly and it's due from the start of the industrial revolution. Ever since cars were introduced, our climate has been heating up from co2 and burning fossil fuels.

Source: https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24122018/climate-change-evidence-reports-2018-year-review-ipcc-arctic-emissions-gap-national-assessment

Causes of Climate Change

The main cause of climate change is fossil fuels. Releasing fossil fuels casues heat in the atmosphere and the frequently this keeps happening, our ozone is destroyed and the sun's radiation would make our Earth an inhabitable place for humanity

Earth's population is the second factor for climate change. Every kid, baby, and adult will need co2 in order to survive from this world and since our population is large and double from the last century, it's been causing climate change to occour more than before

Sources; https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/population_and_sustainability/climate/

Man-Made vs Natural Climate Change

An example of man-made vs natural climate change is the greenhouse effect. The natural Green House Effect is caused the the sun heating and that's all however, the man-made greenhouse effect is forced and not only does it cause heating from the sun but co2 and fossil fuels are also causing heating which is horrible for the environment

statistic about the natural and the human during 1900s to the 2000s

Sources: https://climatechange.lta.org/get-started/learn/co2-methane-greenhouse-effect/

Impact of Climate Change: Current and Future

The impact of Climate Change

will be significantly different than the one we have today. With co2 in the way, I'd believe as time flies, Carbon Dioxide will increase dramatically which will cause extreme heat and have place where they are inhabitable.

By the year 2090, All the ice would already melted and causes species to die and cause a rise in sea level by around 4-8 inches

Stopping Climate Change

Ways to end Climate Change:

1: Switch to electric or alternative energy that is sustainable and useful for our earth

2: Protest your mind and tell global leaders about your opinion. (Vote for a president that believes that Climate Change exists and wants to become an activist)

3. Add more trees into the atmosphere to release oxygen and reduce the use of turning on your lights (small things will make a difference in your future for your habits)

Alternative Energy

The 5 types of Alternative Energy are wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy, biofuel, and solar energy.

All these types of Alternative Energy is the key essential to keep the environment safe from Carbon Dioxide and pollution. This is also the key to sticking with something that will definitely help save the planet from the cruelty from man-made inventions and such.

Life Choices

The life choices will definitely and significantly help shape the planet to the way it was before. It only takes one person to help make a difference and if we can all stick to alternative energy and reduce the waste of fossil fuels that I know without a doubt that we can reshape the future to keep the future generations safe.

Coriolis Effect

Differential heating impact comes from the cells that are named by Polar, Hadley, and ferret cells. All of these play a different role in the Coriolis effect since polar is for the arctics, hadley are the main sequence for different countries and ferrel is just as similar to the polar cells

Differential Heating

Differential Heating comes from the process where there are certain parts across the globe that do or do not receive daylight. Due to Earth's tilt, Northern Places like Alaska rarely see daylight and this is how they obtain more snow than others because of the climate over there.

Temperature inversions

Temperature inversion only occur to humanity because of population and pollution. In a grand urban city the air is not as warmer but for temperature inversions, the temperature changes from the opposite.

Ocean Layers, currents, and distribution of life

Ocean layers and ocean currents play a big factor on life here because it contains hot and cold water that is produced around the world and has ocean breeze in order to shape a climate that is associated by the biome like a desert for example

Rainforests and deserts; where and why?

Rainforest are located between the 23.4 and 23.5 side of the world and deserts are in the 30s latitude. The reason why they're located near but have different climate is because of the tilt of the Earth

El nino; causes and impacts

El nino is different from any other phenomenon event because this event only comes at a random time of place and this happens across the globe. El nino strikes different from other climate ranges because in cold areas, it would be dry and dry areas would be cold and receive a huge chunks of amounts of rain than expected. In California, our el nino would contain dry weather and have a high water flood problem which would be the same for other dry climate regions

Factors that influence climate

The 5 types of factors that influence climate are latitude, ocean currents, wind and air masses, elevation, and relief.

ex. Biome affects climate

Latitude changes climate for each certain region you're in. For example, if you live in Singapore then you would experience extreme weather like heavy rain and a hot dry climate weathers if you live in Alaska, you live in a much colder area Ocean Currents have certain hot and cold water across the world. (ex. Beach in california = Cold, Beach in florida = Hot

Evolution of Earth's Climate

The beginning of Earth began by having a warm climate and having no oxygen and by within a million years the climate started to get more humid because of the amount of photosynthesis and plants that caused the Green Effect caused it all to occur and made life suitable here.