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Civil War

1861-1865

By: Maggie Klotzbach

1861

Battle of Sumter

Chareston Harbor, South Carolina

April 12, 1861

Battle of Sumter was the official start of the American Civil War. Negotiations between the Confederate States and the U.S. weren't working, causing Confederate General Beauregard to fire shots on Fort Sumter. On April 13, Union Major Anderson surrendered and evacuated the fort.

Casualities

Union: 0

Confederates: 0

Battle of Belmont

Belmont, Missouri

November 7, 1861

Ulysses S. Grant led 3,000 troops on attack at Belmont. However, Confederate Commander Polk had stationed men surrounding Belmont and sent an additional 2,500 when the fighting began. Grant's strategy was to distract Polk with his other troops who were coming from Kentucky. However, Polk did not fall for the diversion. The Confederates defended Belmont, and the Union did not gain any land from their attack.

Casualties

Union: 600

Confederates: 600

1862

Seven Days Battle

Henrico County, Virginia

June 25, 1862

Six battles occurred during the Seven Days Battle. There were many different fights, but the last one on July 1, ended with the Union Commander McClellan retreating and Robert E. Lee winning. After this battle Lee became known as the Savior of the South.

Casualities

Union: 15,500

Confederates: 20,00

Battle of Fort Henry

Ft. Henry, Stewart County and Henry County, Tennessee

February 6, 1862

This battle was the first in the Civil War to include ironclad gunboats and a major victory for the Union. The Battle began with the Union's gunboats firing and the Confederates gunboats firing back. They continued to exchange shots. Eventually the Confederates surrendered, and the Union had won. It wasn't until after the battle that the Union's troops actually arrived, because they were having a difficult time traveling through the muddy roads.

Casualities

Union: 40

Confederates: 80

1863

Battle of Chancellorsville

Chancellorsville, Virginia

April 30, 1863

The Battle of Chancellorsville lasted seven days. With Lee's strategy, the Confederates won this battle. However, this battle didn't qualify as a major victory to them, because they lost a skilled general to their own men. They had mistaken General Stonewall Jackson and his soldiers for Union troops, and he and his men were severeley wounded. The injuries were so bad, that after a few days Jackson died.

Casualities

Union: 17,300

Confederates: 13,400

Battle of Gettysburg

Gettysberg, Pennsylvania

July 1, 1863

This was the largest battle fought in not only the Civil War, but all of North America. Tons of soldiers from both sides died, were injured, or went missing. The loss of so many soldiers, caused the Confederates to surrender, giving the Union a victory. This was a very significant battle because it was a turning point in the war for the Union.

Casualities

Union: 23,049

Confederates: 28,063

1864

Battle of Petersburg

Petersburg, Virginia

June 9, 1864

Before the battle began Grant had led an attack on Petersburg, which failed. Afterwards, he created trenches in Richmond, which was surrounding Petersburg. The city held many supplies belonging to the Confederates. The Battle of Petersburg was actually a series of battles, and lasted over ten months. The trenches used were similar to those used later in WW1. In the end, Robert E. Lee retreated, and the Union was victorious.

Casualities

Union: 8,100

Confederates: 3,200

Battle of Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia

July 22, 1864

During this battle, the Union made an attack on Atlanta, where they defeated John B. Hood. Atlanta was home to many supplies, and so the Confederates couldn't retrieve them once the Yankees left Atlanta, William T. Sherman burned many buildings in the city. After, he went to Savannah. His journey South to Savannah became known as Sherman's March to the Sea because it was full of destruction and military strategy.

Casualities

Union: 3,700

Confederates: 5,500

1865

Battle of Appomattox Courthouse

Appomattox Station, Virginia

April 9, 1865

Lee and his forces were traveling along the Appomatox River in hopes of reaching Appotamatox Station where supplies were stored. However, a Union General got there and burned some of the supplies before Lee could reach them. Ulysses S. Grant coaxed Lee to surrender, but he continuesly refused. Soon, Lee led an attack, however they had been trapped, and Lee was forced to surrender. They went to the courthouse that day, and Lee signed, ending the war in Virginia.

Casualties

Union: 150

Confederates: 500

Battle of Palmito Ranch

Palmito Ranch, Texas

May 12, 1785

This was the final battle of the American Civil War. Barret was commander of the Union and Ford of the Confederates. Barrett and his troops stopped near a river to camp, however, a large force led by Ford attacked. The Yankees formed a battle line and shots were fired. In the end, Barrett surrendered. The victory may have gone to the Confederates, but the war was now over.

Casualties

Union: 117

Confederates: 6

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