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Armenian Genocide Timeline
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Armenian Genocide Timeline
The Armenian Question - 1878
The Armenian question was raised following the congress of Berlin. The topic in question was how to treat the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire.
Event 1
Classification
By raising the question about what to do with the Armenians, we can see that the Turks have classfied them into "others"
Classification
Hamidian Massacres -1894
At the end of the 19th century, tensions between the Armenians and Ottoman empire has risen. The sultan at the time, Abdül Hamid II, had repressed the Armenians by forcing them to pay a higher tax and and taking away their rights. When many Armenians refused to pay the tax, he sent in his soldiers, who killed thousands of people and burned down their village.
Event 2
Discrimination
The Turks (dominant group) discriminate the Armenians (powerless group) by taking away their rights and spreading hateful messages.
Discrimination
Abdül Hamid II,
Abdül
Amid II
Abdul Hamid ruled from 1876 - 1909 during a decline in the Ottoman empire. During his reign the Ottoman Empire became known for the massacres of Armenians from 1894–1896. Many assisnation attempts were made on Abdul Hamid's during his reign.
Christianity
Since the Armenians were Christians they were called unbelievers and were treated as second-class citizens.
Symoblism
Peaceful Protesting - 1895
Event 3
Many Armenian gathered at the Ottoman capital to protest the civil rights they were being denied. They wanted fair taxation, freedom, equality before the law and for the massacres to stop. Ironically, soldiers were sent in to stop the protesters and many innocent Armenians were either injured or bludgeoned to death.
Dehumanization
The Turks dehumanized the Armenians by taking away their rights and treating them like second class citizens. They also denied their right to protest.
Dehumanization
The Battle of Bank Ottoman - 1896
After realizing the peaceful protests weren't working, Armenian leaders decided on something else. They stormed a European controlled bank in an attempt to protest. Hearing this, European Ambassadors came to an agreement with the Sultan. The Armenians would leave the bank provided the Sultan planned to reform the Ottoman government and give the Armenians their rights back. Of course the Sultan didn’t hold up his end of the bargain and the massacres continued.
Event 4
Young Turks Rise to Power - 1908
Event 5
A constitutionalist revolution took place in the Ottoman Empire. It was known as the Young Turk Revolution. Sultan Abdul Hamid II was overthrown. The Young Turks movement's was called the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP).
Organization
Organization is the esablishment of a leadership group and the planning of the genocide. Setting uo the CUP is how the Turks began to "organize" their impending genocide of the Armenians.
Organization
A Boycott of Armenian Businesses - 1914
A Turkish boycott of Armenian businesses is announced. Turkish officials travel around implementing the boycott.
Event 6
Polarization
Polarization is the seperation of one group from another based on someons features of characteristics. The Turks seperated the Armenians based on religion and by boycotting their businesses, they spread lies and propagonda that gave people a false perception of Armenians.
World War I - 1914
Germany declares war on Russia. An secret alliance between Turkey and Germany is formed. This gives Germany influence over Turkey.
Event 7
Armenians Are Forced into the War - 1914
Event 8
Armenians were used to transport materials and supplies during the war. Many died due to being overworked or of illness.
Mass Arrests of Armemian leaders - 1915
Ottoman authorities arrested 240 Armenian leaders in Constantinople. The Ottomans believed they were conspiring with France and Britain.
Event 9
Killing Squads - 1915
The young turks established killing squads. These squads would kill Armenians any way nessasary. They drowned them, shot them, threw them off cliffs. The countryside became clustered with corpses.
Event 10
Preparation
In preparation for the genocide, the Young Turks organized "killing squads" as they prepared for to carry out the genocide.
Preparation
Armenians Are Deported - 1915
Event 11
The Ottoman empire deports thousands of Armenians, sending them on death marches where rape and murder was routinely committed. Deportees were also denied acess to water and food. Many starved to death. The Ottoman empire described this a "precautionary measures."
Persecution
Persecution is the foreceful displacement of the civilians and treating them inhumanely. The Turks did this by sending the Armenians on death marches.
Persecution
Mass killing - 1915
Event 12
The mass killing started on April 24, 1915, when the Turkish government detained and killed hundreds of Armenian leaders. Following that, Armenian citizens were forced out of their houses and led on desert death marches without access to food or water. The Armenian were frequently stripped naked and made to walk in the sweltering sun until they passed out. People were shot who stopped to rest. Armenians were rounded up and shot.
Extermination
Extermination is the rape and mass killing stage of the genocide.
Extermination
Armistice of Mudros - 1918
This was the surrender of the Ottoman Empire. CUP members fled the country. Many ended up in Germany.
Event 13
Perpetrators held Accountable - 1919
Event 14
After the Armistice of Mudros, Turkish court martials were gathered in Constantinople, during which some of the perpetrators of the Armenian genocide were convicted and sentenced to death. The UK seized some of the perpetrators in several of Istanbul's prisons, after they failed to hold fair trials.
Operation Nemesis - 1920 - 1922
Operation Nemesis was a plan to assassinate both Ottoman perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and officials responsible for the massacre of Armenians
Event 15
Failure to recognize Genocide
To this day, the Turkish government has denied that a genocide took place. They argue that the Armenians were an enemy force, and their slaughter was necessary for their war efforts.
Event 16
Denial
Denial is when the perpetrators deny that a genocide took place. Turkey continues to deny it to this day.
Denial
Talaat Pasha
Talaat Pasha was a Turkish Ottoman politician and convicted war criminal of the late Ottoman Empire who served as the CUP leader from 1913 to 1918
Talaat Pasha
Enver Pasa
Enver Pasa
Enver Paşa was an Ottoman general and and a hero of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. He played a key role in the Ottoman entry into World War I and the alliance with Germany
Mehmed V
Mehmed V was the Sultan from 1909- 1918. He ruled the CUP.
Mehmed V
Stepan Zorian
Stepan Zorian was one of the three founders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.