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James Marcia Theory of Identity Development

Connie Gray

06/08/2021

James Marcia is known for his work in the social psychology of development, where he expanded the work of Erik Erikson. According to Marcia's theory is everyone goes through crisis and commitment. Crisis is a period of active explortation. Then commitment to a particular course of action.

Introduction

Identity Status

Marcia used the term identity status to describe four unique developmental stations or points.

Developmental Stations

Identity Diffusion

is one step in the process of finding a sense of self. It refers to a period when an individual does not have an established identity or is actively searching for one. Who am I? I don't have an identity yet.

Diffusion

Diffusion example

A pre-teenager is asked about their political affiliation - whether they are a Republican, Democrat, or some third party. After thinking about it for a moment, they say, "I don't identify with any political party and really don't know much about politics. There's low crisis and commitment.

Example

Identity Foreclosure

At this stage, adolescents may adopt different traits and qualities from friends and relatives, but have not yet settled on their own.

Foreclosure

Foreclosure example

Example

Occurs when people think they know who they are, but they have not explored their options yet. For instance you grew up in a Christian home, attended Christian schools, and associated primarily with others in the faith. You may identify as a Christian without ever questioning the belief system. Exploration is low and commitment it high.

Moratorium

It is a period of actively searching for one's occupational, religious, ethnic, or another form of identity to determine who they really are. There is no strong commitment.

Moratorium

Moratorium Example

Example

A high school student is exploring many different options. They have been visiting different colleges but haven't made a commit to one yet. They are actively exploring but still considering a variety of colleges. (identity crisis) Commitment is low but exploration is high.

Identity Achievement

Having found one's true sense of self. It is a key element of personality development and a process that begins in childhood, most commonly in the tween and teen years, and ends in adulthood.

Achievement

Achievement example

Example

This is sometimes seen when an adult may make major changes in their lives or careers. Someone who is in midlife decides to leave lucrative employment to pursue art or a much lower-paying (but more personally satisfying) employment. Commit is high and explorations is low.

Diversity in the Classroom

Application

His theory is still influential and relevant today. Identity development is a process all students have to go through no matter where they come from, religion, language, what you like, your hobbies, personality, belief, behaviors, or values. The identity developmental stages determine how you see things, and make decisions. Everyone has their own special traits. Students can share thier thoughts, ideas and experiences in the learning process. Teacher/student build relationships by identifying with others.

I agree with James Marica adolescent identity development because it shapes a teens perceptions of self. Ideally they will develop a strong sense of self.

Evaluation

References

Identity Development Theory | Adolescent Psychology

2020EnglishN. Arduini-Van Hoose https://courses.lumenlearning.com/adolescent/chapter/identity-development-theory/

Raymond, P., Ricardo, & Johnson. (2021, January 4). James Marcia – Theory of Identity Development. Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@go/page/24688Dolor, L.I. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. Print.

Ross, K. (2013, June). Applying career and identity development theories in advising. Academic Advising Today, 36(2). Retrieved June 1, 2021, from https://nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Academic-Advising-Today/View-Articles/Applying-Career-and-Identity-Development-Theories-in-Advising.aspx

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