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Soap Making
By: Jennifer March
Step #1
Gather Your Supplies
We made three kinds of soap using a method called "cold process soap". The cold process uses your choice of oils and Sodium hydroxide (lye). Lye is a corrosive base made of one sodium, one oxygen, and one hydrogen. Other supplies are industrial grade latex gloves, distilled water, bowls, a whisk or hand mixer, and a rubber spatula. Because of lye's annoying tendency to be corrosive, all these things should be for soap making only.
Step #1
Step #2
Mix Lye and Water
Step #2
For all of the soaps use a bowl dedicated to soap making,
Beeswax Soap: Mix 69g of sodium hydroxide with 180mL of distilled water.
Cocoa Butter Soap: Mix 69g of sodium hydroxide with 180mL of distilled water.
Castile Soap: Mix 58g of sodium hydroxide with 140mL of distilled water.
Step #3
Mix Lye-Water and Soap Oils
Step #3
Mixing lye with water is an exothermic reaction and will heat its self to about 180°F. The lye mixture will have to cool to between 110°F and 120°F. The soap oils will have to be heated to the same temperature as the lye-water before you mix them together. Then mix with a whisk hand mixer until it comes to trace.
Step #4
Trace and Molds
Trace is when takes on a cake batter-like consistency. When this happens you can add scent using 10mL essential oil, then pour into a mold. Once it's in the mold cover with paper and a dishtowel. Let the soap sit undisturbed for one to two days.
This allows saponification(turning into soap) to happen. During this time the acid(soap oils) and the base(lye) react, turning into soap and glycerin.
Step #4
Step #5
Curing
Step #5
After saponification, remove the soap from the mold. Then let it sit and cure (drying out) for two to three days before cutting into individual bars. After cutting cure the soap for three to six weeks, making sure to turn it once a week.
Step #6
Use it
Wash your hands as you would with a store-bought bar. Making it yourself, you will know what is in it and customize the scents. We made Christmas spirit, Stress away, and Lavender.