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Heritability
Current Research
Ryver Newman
Down syndrome was described for the first time by a british physicina named John Down. Later, a french geneticist discovered that Down syndrome was caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair while working in Raymond Turpin's laboratory In 1958.
John Down
Jerome Lejeune
Cause of down syndrome
About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused when the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the usual two copies, in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.
Mode of inheritance
Most of the time, Down syndrome isn't inherited. It's caused by a mistake in cell division during early development of the fetus. Translocation Down syndrome can be passed from parent to child.
Symptoms
Many people who have down syndrom have..
- A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose.
- Almond-shaped eyes that slant up.
- A short neck.
- Small ears.
susceptibility
Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels. Women who are 35 years or older when they become pregnant are more likely to have a pregnancy affected by Down syndrome.
Changing Symptoms
People with Down syndrome often experience a gradual decline in thinking ability as they age
After birth, the initial diagnosis of Down syndrome is often based on the baby's appearance. Before birth, Amniocentesis and villus sampling are most commonly to identify down syndrome.
In 2018 researchers studied the use of the drug memantine, which supports cognition in mice and is approved for treating Alzheimer's dementia in humans, to improve the cognitive abilities of young adults with Down syndrome.
All 3 types of Down syndrome are genetic conditions relating to the genes, but only 1% of all cases of Down syndrome have a hereditary component.
There are no known behavioral or environmental factors that cause Down syndrome.
Early treatment programs can help improve skills. They may include speech, physical, occupational, and/or educational therapy.