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Creating awareness towards waterborne diseases
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Creating awareness towards waterborne diseases
what are waterborne diseases
Introduction
- Waterborne diseases are usually caused when a person drinks, bathes in, washes with or prepares food with water that has been contaminated by bacteria, viruses or parasites, usually from human or animal waste.
- many waterborne pathogens can also be acquired by consuming contaminated food or beverages, from contact with animals or their environment, or through person-to-person spread.
effects
Waterborne illnesses can cause a variety of symptoms. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems.
Most common waterborne
diseases
Common Diseases
E.coli
Giardia
Typhoid
typhoid is common in extremely poor parts of developing nations. It’s spread through contaminated food, unsafe water, and poor sanitation, and it is highly contagious. People who are infected with typhoid pass the Salmonella typhi bacteria in their faeces and occasionally in their urine. About 20 million people worldwide suffer from the illness each year. The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected . Sympotms include gradual increase of body temperature , headaches , general aches and tiredness.
Cholera
cholera and other examples
It is usually found in humanitarian emergencies or marginalized villages where poverty and poor sanitation are common. The disease is spread through contaminated water through fecal matter and causes severe dehydration and diarrhea. Cholera can be fatal within days or hours but only 1 in 10 people will develop life-threatening symptoms . 1.3 to 4 million people around the world get cholera each year . symptoms include vomiting ,thirst , leg cramps and profuse watery diarhea
Dysentery
Other examples
Giardia
It is an intestinal disease usually indicated by severe diarrhea as well as blood or mucus in the stool. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites in unsafe food and water and by people coming in contact with fecal matter. approximately 140 million people develop dysentery each year, and about 600,000 die.
This waterborne disease is shared through contaminated water, most often in ponds and streams, but it can also be found in a town’s water supply, swimming pools, and more. The infection is caused by a parasite and typically clears up after a few weeks. But it is possible to experience inestinal problems for years to come. about 183 million people per year get affected
E.coli
E. coli (Escherichia coli), is a type of bacteria that normally lives in your intestines.Most types of E. coli are harmless and even help keep your digestive tract healthy. But some strains can cause diarrhea if you eat contaminated food or drink fouled water. Some versions of E. coli make you sick by making a toxin called Shiga which harms the lining of the intestine . You can get infected by drinking infected water or food. Worldwide approximately 300 million illnesses occur every year . It can cause severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting
Causes
Causes of waterborne diseases and harms of it
- Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking water mostly contaminated by human or animal excrement which contain pathogenic micro-organisms.
- in less developed countries waterborne diarrhea is a leading cause of death and illness among children with 90% of diarrhoeal deaths being borne by children under five years .
- Poor sanitation, inadequate safe drinking water and poor hygiene practices are major attributable factors to waterborne diseases occurrence.
- WHO estimates that, 6.3% of all deaths are caused by limited access to safe drinking water, improved sanitation facilities and hygiene practices as well as water management that reduce transmission of waterborne illness .
- 780 million of the total global population do not have access to safe water, and an estimated 2.5 billion people in developing world live without access to adequate sanitation.
Dangerous diseases
Most dangerous diseases
There are many more dangerous waterborne diseases including:-
N Fowleri
While N. fowleri infection is rare, it most frequently occurs when people are swimming or diving in fresh water and the amoeba swims up the nose—the only path of infection, according to the CDC. Of note, people cannot get sick by drinking water containing the parasite.
N.Fowleri
Cyanobacteria
If you’ve ever seen a pond or lake slick with verdant algae, then you’ve likely seen the product of cyanobacteria overgrowth. According to the EPA, cyanobacteria—also referred to as blue-green algae—often cause harmful algal blooms, which can produce toxins that are dangerous to humans, animals, and aquatic ecosystems. the toxins cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, sore throat, blistering around the mouth, and pneumonia
Cyanobacteria
Legionella
The disease can infect people if they aspirate while drinking or swimming in polluted water, though it is more frequently spread through water systems like cooling towers, ornamental fountains, or showerheads. Commonly found in lakes, rivers, and streams is Legionella. Legionella bacteria can cause a serious type of pneumonia (lung infection) called Legionnaires' disease or a less serious illnes called pontac fever
Precautions
Precautions
Steps to maintain in order to lower the odds of getting yourself infected with water borne diseases
Vaccinations
Every person should get vaccinated against all water-borne illnesses as well as others, according to doctors' recommendations. The government of various countries has made vaccines a requirement for everyone. There aren't many things people can do in their daily lives to prevent the infection, except from getting the vaccine. Maintain good hygiene by washing your hands before and after eating, going to the bathroom, occasionally sanitizing your hands, and avoiding eating unwashed fruits and vegetables.
Vaccinations
More methods
Hygiene
Human excreta disposal issues pose a serious health danger in emergency scenarios. Sanitation facilities must be set up right once, such as designated defecation grounds or group trench latrines. As the situation worsens, emergency facilities must be gradually upgraded or replaced with simple pit latrines, vented improved pit latrines, or poor-flush latrines. All latrines must be properly maintained, cleaned, and disinfected.
In medical facilities, providing access to clean water and sanitary facilities is of utmost importance. To stop the transmission of disease and enhance health conditions, basic sanitary facilities, proper infectious waste disposal, and clean drinking water are necessary.
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Inventions or Innovations
Water purifier-As a result, whether you acquire your water at home from a river, the ground, or any other source, you must make sure that it has been filtered before use. By switching to a water filter instead of relying on ordinary, untreated water sources, the majority of waterborne infections can be avoided. Another example is the lifestraw