Andrade : Doodling

Types of attention

There are 4 types of attention

• Sustained
• Selective
• Alternating
• Divided

Types of attention

Sustained attention

Sustained

Sustained attenion is the ability to keep that focus or concentration for long periods of time even if the individual is exposed to thge repetitive action or activity,this kind of attention is usually used for majority of the learning and working activities

Selective attention

Selective attention is the ability to select from the many factors or stimuli and focus to only one that you prefer or your brain selects

Selective

Alternating attention

Alternating

It's the ability to switch or immediately transfer fouc or concentration from one activty to another, the brain also instantly adapts even if the succeeding activity has a different level of knowledge or comprehension required

Divided attention

It is the ability of an individual to focus or concentrate on two or more environmental factors,stimuli, or activities simultaneously

Divided

• Boredom is a very common experience(Harris,2000) and daydreaming is a common response, even in the laboratory(Smallwood & Schooler,2006)

• Daydreaming is linked to high arousal when we are bored and it uses important cognitive resources

• It inhibits performance on the tasks that use particular resource from the working memory.

Boredom

Working memory model

Might help maintain arousal.

• by giving you something physical to do while you think.

• To keep you awake if you are sleepy or reduce arousal if you are agitated.

How doodling can help?

Background

Research shows we perform less when our attention is divided. However, doodling might aid concentration.

Wilson and Korn (2007) suggested that doodling may help to maintain arousal as we are doing something physical while thinking.

Andrade defines doodling as sketching patterns or figures that are unrelated to the primary task

Method and Design

Research Method:

Laboratory experiment(unnatural settings)

Research Design:

Independent measures design implemented as participants were either in doodling or control group

Participants were 40 members of the MRC Applied Psychology Unit participant panel, recruited from the general population and aged between 18 and 55 years

They were paid a small honorarium for taking part.

Participants were randomly assigned to the control (N= 20; 2 male) or doodling group (N= 20; 3 male).

All participants monitored a telephone message and then attempted to recall monitored and incidental information. Recall order was counterbalanced across participants.

Sample

All participants listened to a dull telephone call:

• During this task, they doodled (experimental group) or they did not doodle (control group) and this was independent variable.
• They were told they would be tested on the names of people who were attending the party - MONITORING TASK.
• They also had unexpected test on the names of places - RECALL TASK.

The order of these tasks was counterbalanced and they were measures of dependent variables.

The final score for monitoring was the number of correct names minus false alarms.

Procedure

Instructions

‘‘I am going to play you a tape. I want you to pretend that the speaker is a friend who has telephoned you to invite you to a party. The tape is rather dull but that’s okay because I don’t want you to remember any of it. Just write down the names of people who will definitely or probably be coming to the party (excluding yourself). Ignore the names of those who can’t come. Do not write anything else.’’

• Participants in the doodling condition were also asked to shade in the squares and circles while listening to the tape.
• They were told ‘It doesn’t matter how neatly or how quickly you do this—it is just something to help relieve the boredom’.

Participants listened to the tape, which lasted 2.5 minutes, and wrote down the names as instructed.

When the tape finished, the experimenter collected the response sheets, and

engaged participants in conversation for 1 minute including an apology for misleading them about the memory test.

• Participants in the doodling group shaded a mean of 36.3 of the printed shapes on their response sheet (range 3–110).

• Control participants correctly wrote down a mean of 7.1 (SD 1=1.1) of the eight names of party-goers during the tape; five people made a false alarm.

• Doodling participants correctly wrote a mean of 7.8 (SD=0.4) names of party-goers; one person made one false alarm.

• Recall performance was scored separately for names and places, using the definitions of correct responses and false alarms above, with the addition that plausible mis-hearings had to be the same in the monitoring and recall phases

• Participants in the doodling condition recalled a mean of 7.5 pieces of information (names and places), 29% more than the mean of 5.8 recalled by the control group

Result

Shivani mam , can u please explain the strengths and weaknesses of this study :)

One last slide before the quiz

I Promise i wont ask u any more questions in the quiz

MR. Amazing Memory

Prajwal

In the video i showed, How many people were wearing black pants.

also what is the key difference between alternating and divided attention.

Ms. Scared Of My Questions

Vriti

What is the significance of doodling

and if the study didnt use idependant measure design what design should it have used and why

Homeschooled since 5th

Types of attentions and one line about each

Ekaansh

What was the IV and the DV in this study

Ill give extra cedit to whoever answers this