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Histology Concept Map
5
Body Tissues
By Melany Urena
Epithelial
Epithelial
A layer of cells that cover a surface or lines a cavity/passageway; organizes your body so organs can function.
- Avascular
- Named for:
1) # of layers 2) Shape
Simple Columnar
Simple Columnar
Define: Single layer of tall, column-like cells that contain microvilli (increase surface area for absorption)
Function: Secretion, absorption and protection
Location: Intestines
Simple Squamous
Define: A single layer of flat, "squished"-like cells.
Function: Diffusion, filtration
Location: Alveoli in lungs, lining capillaries
Simple Squamous
Transitional
Transitional
Define: Type of stratified epithelium with round-ish, irregular-shaped cells.
Function: Stretch to accommodate fluctuation of urine
Location: Uterus, bladder
Stratified Columnar
Define: Multiple layers in which the apical layer contains tall, column-like cells
Function: Protection
Location: Pharynx, male urethra, lining ducts
Stratified Columnar
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Squamous
Define: Multiple layers in which the apical surface consists of flat, "squished"-like cells
Function: Protection from outside environment
Location: Lining of the mouth, skin, anus, vaginal canal, esophagus, and cornea of the eye
Simple Cuboidal
Define: Single layer of cube-like cells
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: Kidney tubules and glands
Simple Cuboidal
Pseudo-Stratified Ciliated Columnar
Pseudo-Stratified Ciliated Columnar
Define: One layer of irregularly shaped column-like cells. Contains hair-like structures called cilia.
Function: Secretion, cilia trap dust in the air we breath
Location: Trachea
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Cuboidal
Define: Multiple layers in which the apical layer contains cube-like cells
Function: Protection
Location: Ducts of large glands
(ex. sweat, mammary, salivary)
Connective
Connective
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type. It fills empty spaces, supports and binds tissues together, stores fat and produces blood cells.
- Vascular
- Spaced apart cells
- Extracellular matrix
Loose Connective Tissue
Type of connective tissue proper that holds and binds organs together. It is characterized by loosely separated cells and fibers.
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
Areolar
Define: Most common connective tissue, made up of THICK collagen for strength, fibroblasts, and THIN elastic fibers for stretch.
Function: Cushion, support and movement
Location: Beneath the epidermis, between muscles, around joints, blood vessels and nerves
Reticular
Reticular
Define: Loose network of reticular fibers and cells. Can be identified through appearance of blood cells and collagenous fibers.
Function: Forms structural supportive stroma for lymphatic organs; hold blood in place
Location: Liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow
Adipose
Adipose
Define: Made up of fat cells (adipocytes), which shrink or grow with weight loss/gain.
Function: Store tryglycerides within adipocytes, provide cushioning, insulation, energy storage.
Location: All over the body; under the skin, between muscles, around internal organs, within bone marrow and in breast tissue.
Dense Connective Tissue
Type of connective tissue that transmits forces over a distance and connects different organs/muscles. It is poorly vascularized and consists of tightly packed collagen fibers.
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular CT
Regular
CT
Define: Tissue made up of tightly packed collagen fibers. Wavy shape.
Function: Connects muscle to bone, muscle to muscle, bone to bone.
Location: Tendons and ligaments.
Dense Irregular CT
Irregular CT
Define: Tissue made up of mostly collagen fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles; gives it a swirly appearance.
Function: Makes skin resistant to tearing by stretching forces from different directions.
Location: Dermis.
Cartilage
Cartilage
Type of flexible, supporting connective tissue.
It consists of...
- Chondroblasts = immature cartilage cells
- Chondrocytes = mature cartilage cells
- Lacunae = pockets where cells live
Hyaline
Hyaline
Define: Glossy-looking type of cartilage with unnoticable collagen fibers. It is made up of lacunae and chondrocytes. The ground substance is also clearer looking.
Function: Provides pliable support
Location: At the ends of bones, between joints
Elastic
Elastic
Define: Made up of more elastic fibers as well as chondrocytes. These thin elastic fibers are visible in matrix.
Function: Provides stretch.
Location: Ear, epiglottis.
Fibrous
Fibrous
Define: Cartilage tissue that contains more flattened + organized cell rows, and densely layered collagen fibers.
Function: Acts as a shock-absorber, withstands pressure.
Location: Between vertebrae and pubic symphysis.
Bone Tissue
Tissue that gives strength and structure to the bones.
Bone Tissue
Compact Bone
Compact Bone
Define: Hard, outer layer of bone. Main structural unit of the osteon.
- Central canal: contains blood vessels
- Central canal surrounded by lamellae layers
- Osteocytes (bone cells): Found between lamellae, trapped in lacuna
Function: Provides support to bones.
Location: Outer layer of bone.
Spongy Bone
Spongy Bone
Define: Tissue that fills the interior cavity of bones, and is lighter + less dense than compact bone tissue. It is the site of red bone marrow (blood is made here).
Function: Blood production, reduces density of bone, stores minerals and bone marrow, allows the ends of long bones to compress in response to stress (strength + flexibility)
Location: Interior cavity of bones, long
ends of bones
Blood
Blood
Connective tissue that flows through the whole body to transport wastes and nutrients, repair damaged tissues, and provide immunity.
- Produced in bone marrow
- Plasma is its matrix = softest connective tissue
- Made up of eryhtrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Define: Red blood cells, typically a biconcave disk without a nucleus. Contains protein hemoglobin - red color.
Function: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues.
Leukocytes
Leukocyctes
Define: Colorless cell that circulates in blood and body fluids.
Function: Counteracts foreign substances and disease.
Platelets
Platelets
Define: Tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell from the bone marrow (megakaryoctyes) that is found in the blood and spleen.
Function: Helps to form blood clots.
Muscular
Tissue that contracts and relaxes to produce movement of other body parts.
- Highly cellular
- Well supplied with blood vessels
Muscular
Skeletal Muscle
Define: Muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system. It is multinucleated and striated.
Function: Moves and stabilizes the skeleton.
Location: Attached to bones.
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Definition: Makes up the thick middle layer of the heart. Contains single nucleus, striations, and intercalated disks.
Function: Moves blood in the heart.
Location: Heart.
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Define: Muscle tissue consisting of sheets of smooth muscle cells; no striations, no intercalated disks, and a single nucleus.
Function: Multi-purpose; helps with digestion and nutrient collection, rids body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance, contracts to allow dilation
Location: Stomach, intestines, urinary system, pupil, esophagus, blood vessels
Nervous
Tissue in the brain that send messages throughout the body by conducting electrical impulses.
Nervous
Neurons
Neurons
Define: Neural cells that are made up of...
- Axon: Long threadlike part that transmits impulses to other cells
- Soma: Cell body that sends impulses
- Dendrites: Branches that receive impulses
Function: Carry messages of nervous system.
Neuroglial
Cells that hold neurons in place and help them function the way that they should
"Glial" - Glue