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THINK 3- Unit 2
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THINK 3 - Unit 2
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that________________ (be) the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes ________________(descend) on the base, where they _________________(manage) to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans _____________ (die) in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people __________________ (wounded). The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ______________ (ask) Congress to declare war on Japan.
Pearl Harbor
What a surprise!
The attack on Pearl Harbor _________ (be) a surprise, but Japan and the United States ___________________ (edge) toward war for decades.
The United States was particularly unhappy with Japan’s increasingly belligerent attitude toward China. The Japanese government ______________ (believe) that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems _______________ (be) to expand into its neighbor’s territory and take over its import market.
To this end, Japan ________________ (declare) war on China in 1937, resulting in the Nanking Massacre and other atrocities.
American officials responded to this aggression with a battery of economic sanctions and trade embargoes. They __________________ (reason) that without access to money and goods, and especially essential supplies like oil, Japan would have to rein in its expansionism.
Instead, the sanctions made the Japanese more determined to stand their ground. During months of negotiations between Tokyo and Washington, D.C., neither side would budge. It ______________ (seem) that war was all but inevitable.
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Where is Pearl Harbor?
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is located near the center of the Pacific Ocean, roughly 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland and about 4,000 miles from Japan. No one believed that the Japanese would start a war with an attack on the distant islands of Hawaii.
Additionally, American intelligence officials were confident that any Japanese attack would take place in one of the (relatively) nearby European colonies in the South Pacific: the Dutch East Indies, Singapore or Indochina.
Because American military leaders _____________________________ (not expect) an attack so close to home, the naval facilities at Pearl Harbor were relatively undefended. Almost the entire Pacific Fleet _____________________ (moor) around Ford Island in the harbor, and hundreds of airplanes ________________________ (squeeze) onto adjacent airfields.
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor#&gid=ci023944f6f00027a8&pid=4-pearl-harbor-photo-gallery-gettyimages-2660129
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USS Arizona
The Japanese plan _____________ (be) simple: Destroy the Pacific Fleet. That way, the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan’s armed forces spread across the South Pacific. On December 7, after months of planning and practice, the Japanese _____________________ (launch) their attack.
At about 8 a.m., Japanese planes _________________ (fill) the sky over Pearl Harbor. Bombs and bullets __________________ (rain) onto the vessels ___________________(moor) below. At 8:10, a 1,800-pound bomb ___________________ (smash) through the deck of the battleship USS Arizona and ___________________ (land) in her forward ammunition magazine. The ship exploded and sank with more than 1,000 men _______________ (trap) inside.
Next, torpedoes ____________________(pierce) the shell of the battleship USS Oklahoma. With 400 sailors aboard, the Oklahoma ___________ (lose) her balance, rolled onto her side and slipped underwater.
Less than two hours later, the surprise attack _______________ (be) over, and every battleship in Pearl Harbor—USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, USS California, USS West Virginia, USS Utah, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee and USS Nevada—____________________ significant damage. (All but USS (sustain) and USS Utah _______________ (be) eventually salvaged and repaired.