Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in:
ECOTOSSICOLOGIA E SOSTENIBILITÀ AMBIENTALE
Marine litter : "any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment" UNEP 2009
Plastic, synthetic polymer used for several manufacturings, represents the most common litter and is global widespread.
1
Polyethylene (PE)
2
Polypropylene (PP)
3
Polystyrene (PS)
4
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
5
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Microplastic
Particle with diameter < 5 mm
Primary vs Secondary
78% of major pollutants (US EPA 2013) are associated with marine plastic litter (Rochman et al. 2013a)
POPs
PBTs
PBDEs BPA
Phthalates
Environment:
Particles:
Sinking behavior
Settling velocity
Shape characterization:
Size characterization:
Polymer characterization
Image analyzer software has been proposed to use pictures for counting and evaluation of the dimensions of the particles.
Cryo-milled environmental microplastic
Range 300 µm - 5 mm
- FTIR = polymer type identification
- Camera Nikon, Adobe Photoshop and ImageJ = counting and dimensions evaluation
Volume and ESD evaluation
Visual and manual sorting at WUR laboratories
Sampling:
Singapore (Changi beach)
The Netherlands (Hoek van Holland)
CSF evaluation
a = longest dimension
b = intermediate dimension
c = shortest dimension
- Cryo-milling
- Wet sieving (5 mm - 180 µm)
- 48 hours oven
- Dry sieving
L = length
W = width
H = height
L:W = W:H
Wageningen University & Research (WUR) -
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management
Kernel density estimation (KDE)
h1 => min = 54.645 µm max = 7,238.742 µm, mean = 1,255.354 µm
h2 = 166 µm
h3 = 225.161 µm
h4 = 224.269 µm
Kernel density estimation(KED)
Kernel density estimation (KDE)
Polymer type Number of items Abundance (%)
Poly (propylene) 361 62.13
Poly (ethylene) 191 32.87
Poly (vinyl chloride) 8 1.38
LDPE (0.910 – 0.940 g/cm3)
PE =
HDPE (> 0.940 g/cm3)
PP = 0.946 g/cm3
Kp
- surrounding environment
- compounds
- characteristics of the particles
- different for each polymer
Conclusions
Skyscraper by Studiokca
"Skyscraper rises from this canal in Utrecht, to remind us all of the enormous problem of plastic waste in our oceans.
This gigantic sculpture is more than just a representation of a whale. The piece is made from 5 tons of plastic waste pulled out of our oceans, to serve as powerful reminder of the 150 000 000 tons of plastic waste still swimming out there"
Thank you
Wageningen University & Research -
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management
Dr. Koelmans A.A., Dr. Mohamed Nor, N. H and Dr. Kooi M.