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How Enzymes Work

What is an Enzyme?

  • A protein catalyst that greatly alters the rate of reaction in a cell.

What is an Enzyme?

  • They can be anabolic or catabolic.

Anabolic

Anabolic

The enzyme combines two smaller substrates to form a larger one.

Eg. Photosynthesis

Catabolic

The enzymes bind to one larger substrate and helps it break down into two smaller products.

Eg. amylase breaking startch into two maltese units.

Catabolic

Two Theories of Fit

Two Theories of Fit

  • Induced-Fit model
  • Lock-and-Key model

Induced-Fit Model

Induced-Fit Model

The enzyme and substrate have a very similar shape and structure but do not fully fit together perfectly. They both have to alter their shape slightly to get the greatest surface area attachment and provide the greatest results.

Here the enzyme slightly changes its shape to fit the substrate.

Lock-and-Key Model

Lock-and-Key Model

The enzyme and substrate have a specific shape that both fit perfectly into each other, with no need for either to alter their shape or structure in any way.

Here, neither the enzyme nor the substrate alter their shape or structure for the reaction to take place.

How They Work

How They Work

Finally, enzymes for by binding to the substrate(s) and holding them in such a way that the chemical bonds in the substrate(s) are easily broken or combined.

Becoming Denatured.

  • When an enzyme comes under different or difficult environmental conditions they can become denatured.
  • If this happens the enzyme is put out of shape and can no longer function properly.
  • This can be caused by a change in temperature, pH level, or other factors such as radiation.
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