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Topic 2: The Arctic shipping routes for large-scale maritime shipping
Topic 2: The Arctic shipping routes for large-scale maritime shipping
Shen Li
Seychelle Cardoza
Zephra Currimbhoy
Xin Wei
The major Arctic shipping routes
Northwest Passage north of Canada and the Northeast Passage north of Russia, including the Northern Sea Route
Arctic shipping routes
Today, bypassing the Suez Canal reduces shipping distances from East Asia to western markets by close to 40%, from roughly 23,000 to 14,000 kilometres (14,300 to 8,700 miles). "It would thus decrease shipping lead times by 10 to 32%,"
Location
Schedule
generally open only in summer unless escorted by icebreakers Shipping companies are increasingly investing in ships that can break through thin ice, but their voyages are typically limited to the summer months
Expectation on regular use
Time frames
Bering Strait will open for an extended period around 2020,
the Northern Sea Route around 2025.
and the Transpolar Route around 2030,
the Northwest Passage will open last.
severe climate conditions, high costs, scope for poaching and other illegal activities, and lack of developed infrastructure in the northern territories, there are still many obstacles.
Geopolitical tensions
Geopolitical tensions could affect these routes
- Sovereignty
- Possibility of transnational crime
- Geopolitical concern
Sovereignty
no clarity in either of these shipping lanes as to who actually has power over who can pass and what standards they must adhere to in order to do so
Sovereignty
Possibility of transnational crime
- Illegal fishing and trafficking
- Military and security
- Presencerising tensions between powers
Possibility of transnational crime
Geopolitical concern
Geopolitical concern
Countries are preparing for these shipping routes
Countries are preparing
Russia
China
touting trans-Arctic shipping routes as a pivotal development
single enterprise to oversee the country’s expanding economic activities
Russia, China, Iceland, Canada, and the United States
completing a two-year feasibility study for a deepwater port
working on plans to transform Portland into an Arctic hub
The U.S
Iceland
Affect supply chains
in New Zealand
Affect supply chains in New Zealand
Two-thirds of the world trade that passes through the Suez Canal, which is 8% of the global trade, will be rerouted to the NSR.
Current traiding partners
Mainland China, Australia,
United States of America,
Japan
and South Korea
International shipping lines may not always prioritise NZ's freight needs
Challenges
VS
opportunities
North Atlantic Treaty Organization